4۔قتل قائم مقام خطاء
"قائم مقام خطاء کی صورت یہ ہے کہ ایک شخص سویا ہو ا تھا ، اس نے کروٹ لی اور کروٹ لیتے ہو ئے کسی دوسرے شخص پر گر ا اور ا س کے بوجھ سے وہ شخص ہلاک ہو گیا تو اس صورت کا حکم قتل خطاء کا سا ہے "199
قتل قائم مقام خطاء کے احکام
1۔ قاتل پر کفارہ واجب ہوتا ہے ۔
2۔ دوسرا حکم قاتل کی مددگار برادری پر دیت واجب ہو گی۔ جیسا کہ حضرت عبداللہ بن مسعود سے روایت ہے کہ رسول اللہ ﷺ نے ارشاد فرمایا
" فِي دِيَةِ الْخَطَأِ عِشْرُونَ حِقَّةً وَعِشْرُونَ جَذَعَةً وَعِشْرُونَ بِنْتَ مَخَاضٍ وَعِشْرُونَ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ وَعِشْرُونَ بَنِي مَخَاضٍ ذُكُورٌ ۔ "200
" قتل خطاءکی دیت میں بیس 20ایسی اونٹنیاں جو تین سال کی ہو کر چوتھے سال میں لگی ہوں اور بیس 20ایسی اونٹنیاں ہیں جو چار برس کی ہو کر پانچویں برس میں لگی ہوں ا ور بیس20 ایسی اونٹنیاں جو ایک برس کی ہو کر دوسرے میں لگی ہوں اور بیس 20اونٹنیاں ایسی جو دو برس کی ہو کر تیسرے برس میں لگی ہوں اور بیس20 ایسے اونٹ ہیں جو ایک برس کے ہو کر دوسرے برس میں لگے ہوں۔ "
تیسرا حکم قاتل ، مقتول کی میراث سے محروم ہو جائے گا۔
Swat valley with reference to its history is a famous region. Many civilizations originated in this land and that’s where they ended. Buddhism had a golden age in swat. Hinduism had also been in this land for some time. Artifacts from Greece and the Kushan period are also found here. The artifacts and traces of all these civilizations still exist in swat today. Similar artifacts have been discovered by the efforts of experts however, the gravity of the earth chest is much greater. Swat archeology is threatened by human population and some religious misunderstanding. Protecting Non-Muslim places of worship and respecting their emotions is a part of Islamic teachings. This paper describes the sharī‛ah rules of archeology and also different types of archeological sites like buildings, worship places and mentioning the orders related to idols etc.
A series of Copper(I) complexes with thiones of the general formula [CuaLbScXd](H2O)e and [CuaLbSc]Xd.(H2O)e (where a = 1 - 6, b = 1 - 6, c = 0 - 6, d = 0 - 6, e = 0 - 1 and X = Cl, Br & I) were prepared and characterized by elemental, IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic methods. Crystal structures of nine complexes, [Cu(Metu)4]Cl 1, [Cu4(Dmtu)4(S)(μ-S)Cl]Cl.(H2O) 2, [Cu(DeTu)Cl]3 3, [Cu(Metu)4]Br 4, [Cu(Dphtu)2Br]H2O 5, ([Cu(Metu)]I)6 6, [Cu(Mtu)4]I 7, [Cu(Detu)3I] 8 and [Cu(Dbtu)3I]0.6(H2O) 9 were determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. An upfield shift in the >C=S resonance of thiones in 13 C-NMR and downfield shift in the N-H resonance in 1H-NMR were consistent with the sulfur coordination of thiones to Copper(I). The crystal structures of 1, 4, 7, 8 and 9 show that they are monomeric having tetrahedral or distorted tetrahedral geometries at Copper(I) center. The crystal structure of 2 showed that it consists of a tetrameric cationic complex having terminal as well as doubly bridged Dmtu and S ligands. The complex has two kinds of coordination environments around four Copper atoms, a distorted tetrahedral and a trigonal planer. [Cu(Detu)Cl]3 is a trinuclear complex consisting of Cu3S3 six-membered ring possessing chair conformation. The geometry around each Cu center was nearly trigonal planar. In 5, the Cu(I) atom adopts a slightly distorted trigonal planar coordination. The X-ray studies of 6 showed that the complex was hexanuclear consisting of [Metu-Cu-I] units. The geometry around each Cu center was distorted tetrahedral. In all these complexes intra or/and intermolecular hydrogen bonding is present in 2-D or 3-D network. The antimicrobial activities of Copper(I) bromide complexes were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and they showed wide range of activity against the test isolates.