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Identification and Production of Bacteriocin from Enterococcus Faecium Ij21 Isolated from Cheese

Thesis Info

Author

Faiza Ramzan

Department

Deptt. of Microbiology, QAU.

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

vii,89

Subject

Microbiology

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Phil BIO/2274

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676715875336

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۔غزل

غزل---ڈاکٹر انور علی انور

جنگ میں قائل رہا ہوں کب میں تیغ و تیر کا
اک زمانے سے رہا ہوں بر سر پیکار میں
برف باری کا یہ موسم درد کی تصویر ہے
میں نے اپنا دل جلایا ہے تمھارے واسطے
قتل کرکے وہ مجھے یاروں سے یہ کہتا رہا
میری چاہت کا محل مسمار ہوتا ہی رہا
جس نے میرا راستہ روکا ہے انور کیا کہوں

 

مانتا ہوں پھر بھی انور رول میں شمشیر کا
یہ قلم بھی اک حوالہ ہے میری توقیر کا
اور میں مارا ہوا ہوں درد کی تصویر کا
اور تم نے طوق پہنایا مجھے رہ گیر کا
کیا خطا میری ہے اس میں کھیل ہے تقدیر کا
آگرا سر پر میرے ملبہ میری تعمیر کا
اک سرا میں نے بھی تھاما ہے اسی زنجیر کا

الصراع الجيوسياسي الإقليمي وعلاقته بموارد الطاقة في الدول المطلة على الخليج العربي

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعريف بمحاور الصراع الجيوسياسي الإقليمي المتنافسة من اجل السيطرة على موارد الطاقة بغية الوقوف على مخططاتها وأهدافها الجيوستراتيجية التي تسلكها لتحقيق أهدافها الانية وتطلعاتها المستقبلية، ومن اجل تحقيق تلك الأهداف المرجوة فقد تم الاعتماد على المنهج التحليلي الذي يعتمد عليه في الدراسات الجغرافية السياسية والجيوبولتيك، وقد توصلت الدراسة الى جملة من النتائج ابرزها ان موارد الطاقة التي تزخر بها منطقة الخليج العربي من النفط والغاز الطبيعي جعلت منها ارضية خصبة للصراعات الإقليمية والدولية نظرا لتحرك محاور هذه الصراعات بقوة من اجل ايجاد موطئ قدم لها في هذه المنطقة الحيوية والظفر بهذه الموارد الطاقوية واحكام السيطرة عليها وضمان استمرارية تدفها وابعاد القوى الفاعلة الاخرى من الوصول اليها

Issues of Peace and Governance: A Case Study of Contemporary Pakistan

Research studies suggest that societies moving from traditional-authoritarian order towards rational-democratic order should promote rational-inclusive ideological discourse, promote politicians who are favorably disposed towards rational- democratic values and capacity building at local level—incubation/transformation. However, governing elite in developing societies, such as Pakistan, adopts either exclusive ideology or remain indifferent; temper with evolutionary political process and prefers centralization instead of building rational capacity at local level. As a result, society remains stuck in transition with hybrid regimes. Parallel to hybridism are fluctuations in state’s effectiveness, political instability and violence. Periodic fluctuations indicate the presence of underpinning structural factors in this regard. Thus, structural constraints faced by governing elite in state-society consolidation and relationship between hybridism and instability and violence need to be understood. The study is based on the position that hybrid regimes are locked in transition. As this study addresses ‘why’ and ‘how’ questions, therefore interpretive ‘empathetic enquiry’ has been employed. Within hybridism as deductive framework, induction across time and space has been employed in order to find out common pattern and specific variations. Governing elite is the product of structure, hence possesses both authoritarian inclination and conviction in the legitimacy of rational-democratic order. The absence of requisites of rational-democratic order provides justification for the authoritarianix mind-set. However, requirements of democratic legitimacy prompt them to continue democratization. But the task of adjustment between irreconcilable features compels them to adopt bounded rationality—decision-making which accounts only for immediate changing context. Thus, governing elite adapt politico-ideological posture according to the changing context—internal political situation and global dynamics. Besides, due to authoritarian-libertarian paradox, governing elite neither adopts consistent coercion nor complete accommodation. Thus, grievances of less- empowered groups due to nation-state discourse keeps on simmering, high expectations of potentially mobilized groups remain un-institutionalized, and greed of privileged groups unaddressed. In addition to these, temporary motivation and limited coercion without internalization of rational-democratic values make state and society fluctuating. Welfare-state discourse and holistic analysis of society by intelligentsia and political leadership can lead to the consolidation of stable as well as peaceful relations.