قاضی عبدالودود
(عبدالرحمن پرواز اصلاحی)
پروفیسر کلیم الدین احمد کے انتقال کے بعد اردو دنیا کو دوسرا بڑا صدمہ مشہور محقق قاضی عبدالودود کی وفات سے پہنچا، قاضی صاحب نے ۲۵؍ جنوری ۱۹۸۴ء کو پٹنہ میڈیکل کالج میں ۸۸ برس کی عمر میں رحلت فرمائی۔ وہ بھی ایک علمی و دینی خاندان کے چشم و چراغ تھے، میر زاہد پر حاشیہ لکھنے والے ملا غلام یحییٰ بہاری آپ کے اجداد میں تھے، ملا غلام یحییٰ کے بیٹے قاضی کمال الحق شعروسخن کا ذوق رکھتے تھے اور ناصرعلی کے پیرو تھے۔ ان کے پوتے قاضی اکرام الحق حضرت سید احمد شہیدؒ کے مریدوں میں تھے، ان کے بھائی واعظ الحق ان علماء میں سے تھے، جو شورش کے زمانہ میں نظربند کئے گئے، قاضی اسمٰعیل قاضی اکرام الحق کے بیٹے اور موزوں طبع شخص تھے جو اردو اور فارسی دونوں میں شاعری کرتے تھے، ان کے بیٹے قاضی عبدالحمید قاضی عبدالودود کے دادا تھے اور والد قاضی عبدالوحید عالم دین تھے، مگر ان میں تبدیلی آئی اور عقائد میں بریلوی ہوگئے، اس لئے انھوں نے اپنے عقائد و خیالات کی تبلیغ کے لئے ایک ماہانہ رسالہ ’’تحفہ‘‘ نکالا تھا، وہ شاعر بھی تھے اور وحید الہ آبادی کی صحبت پائی تھی، ان کا اردو کلام گلدستوں میں ملتا ہے، ان کی وفات ۱۳۲۶ھ میں ہوئی۔
قاضی عبدالودود ۱۸۹۶ء میں پٹنہ کے اندر پیدا ہوئے، ابتدائی تعلیم پرانے طریقہ پر پائی۔ انگریزی شروع کرنے سے پہلے قرآن مجید حفظ کیا، پھر عربی صرف و نحو اور منطق میں متوسطات تک کی کتابیں پڑھیں، اس کے بعد وہ پٹنہ کے محمڈن اسکول میں داخل ہوئے، اس اسکول میں سال ڈیڑھ سال رہنے کے بعد میجر سید حسن بلگرامی ٹیوٹوریل کالج علی گڑھ گئے، وہاں ان میں کتب بینی کا شوق بڑھا۔ بے شمار کتابوں اور رسالوں کو پڑھا۔ پھر پٹنہ...
In order to enhance music education courses, the study's primary goal is to evaluate students' academic performance in music at Visayas State University (VSU). It specifically sought to establish the respondents' age, gender, educational attainment, and demographic profile. It also aimed to determine the students’ academic success in music and provide suggestions to enhance the curriculum at the Visayas State University. In the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, the students dominate the younger generation wherein they belong to the age bracket of 16-20 years old. 75% of the participants were females, which reflected the majority of the population. Most of the students only got average grades. The weak background and foundation are due to less time given to music in MAPEH as a subject. Thus, they just encountered proper music education upon reaching the tertiary level hence, lacking the basic skills necessary for them to learn and appreciate the course then and obtain higher grades.
Platelet flow cytometry is an emerging tool in diagnostic and therapeutic hematology. It is eminently suited to assess the expression of platelet surface receptors both qualitatively as well as quantitatively. It can thus serve as a useful parameter for in vivo expression of platelet activation and thus fore-warn the risk of thromboembolism which is inherent in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus. This technique can also be used to study and compare the effect of various antiplatelet drugs on the level of platelet activation and to establish any dose-effect relationship of these drugs. Topographical localization of platelet granules and study of platelet-platelet and platelet-leukocyte interaction is also possible by this procedure. All these parameters serve as pointers towards the presence of activated platelets in the circulation with its thromboembolic consequences. This technique can also be put to therapeutics by assessing the effect of varying doses of clopidogrel on suppressing platelet activation. It can thus serve as a reliable and easy technique to determine the dose of various antiplatelet drugs and offer a custom-made protective antithrombotic therapy. This study was undertaken with the primary object of determining platelet reactivity in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus and to study the effect of clopidogrel administration on the state of in vivo platelet XIactivation in these patients. It was extended to include the effect of clopidogrel on reactive platelet CD markers after in vitro pre-treatment with platelet agonists, more specifically ADP. This agonist was selected because of its easy handling and predicable platelet stimulating effect. It was postulated that platelets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus circulate in the blood in hyperactive state and predispose to thrombotic complications so frequently encountered in these patients. This study confirms that platelets in these patients are at a higher state of reactivity and that clopidogrel can effectively suppress the enhanced platelet response. Four CD markers were chosen for this study; of these four markers CD63 and CD62p have a linear relationship with heightened platelet reactivity. The other two markers i.e. CD41 and CD61 are unaffected in these patients and do not seem to be causally related to increased propensity to develop athero-thrombotic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sequential study of the reactive CD markers i.e. CD63 and CD62p shows that CD63 hyperactivity as indicated by flourescine positivity is a constant and persistent change while that of CD62p is an unstable response which falls off with the passage of time. It is therefore concluded that CD63 platelet markers should be evaluated to assess the state of platelet reactivity in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus.