شریعت اسلامی میں رسم و رواج کے ساتھ تعامل کا جائزہ: مختلف اسلامی ادوار کی روشنی میں

Customs and traditions have a significant role in the social set up of every society. These customs project a picture of its culture, manners, beliefs, mental inclinations and life style. For social advancement, it is necessary for a nation to take reformative steps with respect to changing situations. They should adopt the customs that are productive and avoid the harmful ones. It has been a ground reality that the progressive nations have got the leading position having modifying their customs and traditions, while those who have been conservative are backward in the global race restricting on their outdated norms and so called customs.  In the prestigious age of the Holy Prophet (BPUH) and his followers, various laws and principles were formulated for the uplift of society, which provided a broad based concept of “custom”. The Islamic jurists have taken the custom as a source of Islamic legislation. In the article under reference, custom has been highlighted with respect to Islamic thoughts in various ages of Islamic history in a number of recommendations have been presented in order to uplift the society and to aware the Muslim theologians and Muftees accordingly.

Effects of Balance Training on Fall Risk and Mobility in the Elderly

ABSTRACT Background Any impairment of the balance system leads to not only increased fall frequency but also a high risk of fall in elder population. Multiple risks have been identified that may cause balance impairment and ultimately falls. Prophylactic balance training is profoundly recommended in this population. Purpose of study This study was conducted to determine the effects of conventional and dynamic training for recovery of balance to prevent risk of fall and improving mobility in older individuals. Methodology A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted at Foundation University Institute of rehabilitation sciences, in collaboration with physical medicine and rehabilitation department, Fauji Foundation hospital Rawalpindi. 105 volunteers were recruited on the basis of non-probability convenience sampling technique and were randomly assigned three groups (n=35 each). Inclusion criteria included healthy individuals of both genders with a minimum age of 50 years. The first group was the Dynamic Postural Training Group (DPTG) which was provided with balance training on dynamic postural stability training system. The second group, i.e. Conventional Balance Training Group (CBTG) was provided with conventional balance training. The third group, No Intervention Group (NIG) did not undergo any training. Balance training was given thrice a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Session lasted for 30 to 45 minutes each. Initial assessment was done before training and follow-up assessments were performed every 2 weeks. Data was collected using fall risk score via Biodex balance system SD, the berg balance scale, functional reach test, and timed up and go test. Results Mean age was 62.06 ± 6.60 years with gender distribution of 36.3 % (n=33) males and 63.7% (n=58) females. Mean weight, height and BMI of sample population was computed as 73.60 ± 8.70 kg, 1.63 ± 0.07 m and 27.95 ± 3.74 kg/m2 respectively with no significant between-group differences. Significant difference (P score<0.05) found among groups after week 8 assessment on berg balance scale score, functional reach test, timed up and go test, and fall risk scores. Data analyses within groups showed substantial improvement in dynamic postural training group and conventional group (P<0.001). Conclusion Both dynamic postural balance training and conventional training are effective in fall risk reduction and improving mobility among the elderly though dynamic postural balance training was found to be superior.