Grief and Shock, Discernment and Dificulties, Their Reasons and Motives in the Light of the Teachings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)

Islam has this faith that everything of the universe, small or big has come into existence with the will, power, method and knowledge of Allah. Fate is the attribution of Allah, which is the truth. It is the condition to have belief of this faith. Since, faith is the attribution of Allah and it’s impossible for anyone to know the extent of godly attributions, so the issue of fate is delicate and precise. One must only have the faith that whatever is happening in the world was already in the knowledge of Allah and god has already saved it on the safe tablet. The dilemma of fate has not been solved by anyone and it will never be solved. There must be a simple faith that whatever is happening in the world has already known by Allah as the Creator of everything is God and everything has come into existence with His creation. All the matters happening in the world are of two kinds. In some of them the will and authority is prevail. In these matters which are to be done which are not to be done orders of their execution or prohibition are given. If they are not performed because of will and authority, there will be accountability for them. Secondly, all those works which have the order of not to be performed, it is necessary not to perform them with one’s will and authority. If those works are not avoided, one must be accountable for them. There are some other works which do not involve our will and authority so, whatever happens is according to our fate. The works having our will and authority for performance will be rewarded and punished accordingly. This study explores the reasons of grief, shock, discernment and difficulties, their reasons and motives in the light of teaching of The Holy Prophet.

Quality Enhancement of Gladiolus Cut Flowers by the Application of Zinc, Boron and Growth Regulators

Gladiolus, an excellent cut flower is highly responsive to fertilizers, especially micronutrients. Dire need is there to explore the best pre and postharvest management practices for quality production and vase life of plant to cope with market demand. Keeping the aim in mind, a study was conducted to enhance the quality production and elongated vase life of gladiolus cut flowers by applying preharvest zinc (Zn) and boron (B), and postharvest salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) during two consecutive years 2010 and 2011. Zinc was applied in the soil media @ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg kg-1 and B @ 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg kg-1 in pots under greenhouse conditions. Data on preharvest parameters were recorded for the number of leaves per plant, leaf area, spike length, spike thickness, days to flowering, number of florets per spike, flower size, fresh weight and dry weight of flowers, number of cormels, corm size chlorophyll contents, ascorbic acid contents, zinc contents, boron contents and protein contents. The flower spikes were harvested and placed in glass jars containing distilled water. The postharvest application of salicylic acid at 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg l-1 and gibberellic acid at 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg l-1 in vase solution were evaluated. Data were recorded on postharvest parameters; days taken to open floret, percent florets opened, vase life, percent change in fresh weight, electrolyte leakage, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and free radicals scavenging (FRS) activity. No significant effect of zinc was observed on number of leaves plant-1 and spike thickness. Zinc @ 6 mg kg-1 rendered the highest leaf area, spike length, spike thickness, flower size, fresh weight, dry weight, corm size, chlorophyll contents, days taken to open floret, percent fresh weight change, SOD, POD, CAT xxiii and FRS activity. Whereas, Zn @ 8 mg kg-1 induced the highest number of cormels, number of florets per spike, protein contents, percent florets opened and vase life. The lowest electrolyte leakage and earliest flowering was noted with Zn @ 8 mg kg-1. Zinc concentration was recorded significantly higher with Zn @10 mg kg-1 as compared to all other treatments. Boron had no significant effect on number of leaves per plant and spike thickness. The highest leaf area, spike length, spike thickness, number of florets per spike, flower size, fresh weight, dry weight, number of corms and cormels, corm size, chlorophyll contents, protein contents, days taken to open floret, vase life, percent florets opened and vase life, percent fresh weight change, CAT and FRS activity were observed with B @ 2 mg kg-1 with respect to control treatment. While B @ 3 mg kg-1 induced the largest flower size, the highest fresh weight and SOD activity of cut flowers. Earliest flowering and lowest electrolyte leakage was noted with B @ 2 mg kg-1 and 3 mg kg-1 respectively over all other treatments. Boron and Zn concentrations were observed significantly high with B @ 5 mg kg-1 as compared to all other treatments. Salicylic acid @ 150 mg L-1 significantly increased the days taken to open florets, percent florets opened, retained higher fresh weight, SOD, CAT and FRS activity over control treatment. The lowest electrolyte and the highest POD activity were observed in SA @ 200 and 150 mg L-1, respectively among all other treatments. Gibberellic acid @ 25 mg L-1 induced the highest days taken to open floret, vase life, percent florets opened, vase life, fresh weight, POD, and FRSA over other treatments. The highest SOD, CAT activity and the lowest electrolyte leakage were noted in GA3 @ 50 mg L-1 over control. This study concludes that application of Zn at 6-8 mg kg-1, B at 2 mg kg-1 imparts greater beneficial effects on growth, production, vase quality and antioxidative activities in gladiolus. Salicylic acid at 150 mg L-1 and GA3 at 25 mg L-1 augmented the longest vase life and antioxidants activity of cut gladiolus and further higher application rate renders non significant improvement.