اردو کے اہم مدونین (ڈاکٹرعطش درانی)
ڈاکٹر عطش درانی پاکستان کے ایک ماہر لسانیات، محقق، تنقید نگار، مصنف، ماہر تعلیم اور ماہر علم جوہریات تھے۔ انہوں نے 275 کتابیں لکھیں اور متعدد اطلاقیے بنائے۔ نیز اردو اور انگریزی میں 500 مقالے لکھے۔ عطش درانی کی ان علمی و تحقیقی خدمات پر انہیں تمغہ امتیاز اور ستار? امتیاز سے نوازا گیا۔وہ ماہر لسانیات، علم کمپیوٹر کے پاکستان میں اہم ترین ماہر،اصطلاحات ساز، ماہرتعلیم، ماہر جواہرات، صحافی، تنقید نگار، محقق، اور سب سے بڑھ کر ایک مخلص دوست
پیدائش :
عطاء اللہ عطش درانی 22 جنوری1952ء کو ساہی وال میں پیدا ہوئے۔
تعلیم:
پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے ایم اے ایجوکیشن، ایم اے اردو اور پی ایچ ڈی کی اسناد حاصل کیں۔ مختلف جرائد کے عملۂ ادارت میں شریک رہے۔ جس ادارے میں بھی گئے وہاں اپنے کام کی دھاک بٹھا دی۔ ہمیشہ قائداعظم کے فرمان ’’کام ،کام … اور… کام‘‘ کی تعبیر نظر آئے۔
تصانیف:
عطش کی آخری تصنیف کتاب الجواہر جو البیرونی کی تصنیف کتاب الجماہر فی معرفۃ الجواہر کے اْس حصے کا ترجمہ ہے جو جواہرات سے متعلق ہے، نیشنل بک فاؤنڈیشن اسلام آباد نے جولائی2018 ء میں شائع کی۔آپ کی دیگر تصانیف میں اسلامی فکر و ثقافت ،مغربی ممالک میں ترجمے کے قومی اور عالمی مراکز ، "لسانی و ادبی تحقیق وتدوین کے اصول" کتابیات قانون، پاکستانی اردو کے خد و خال ،لغات و اصطلاحات میں مقتدرہ کی خدمات ، اردو اصطلاحات نگاری (کتابیاتی جائزہ) ،اردو اصطلاحات نگاری (تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ) ، اصناف ادب کی مختصر تاریخ ، اماں سین اور دیگر شخصے ودیگر شامل ہیں۔
ملازمت اور خدمات
مکتبہ شاہکار:
1976 میں سید قاسم محمود کی سربراہی میں مکتبہ شاہکار میں اسلامی انسائیکلوپیڈیا اور متعدد کتابوں پر کام کیا۔
رسائل سے وابستگی:
سیارہ ڈائجسٹ کی ادارت اڑھائی تین برس کی۔ مجلس زبان دفتری کے...
The world Semitic religions like Judaism, Christianity and Islam have given comprehensive regulations and code of life. Therefore; there has been a complete system and directions about “ḥalal” and “ḥaram” (kosher non-kosher) means legal and illegal (treif’ in Jewish law). As Islam gives clear cut directives in beliefs, worships, ethics, economy and ways of life to guide the men in life; similarly the Judaism has also given clear regulations in these fields to guide its followers. Islam has taught its followers to eat and drink ‘ḥalal’ (Tayyib), so Judaism has also stressed on eating only ‘kosher’ (food that can be consumed according to Jewish law). For example in animals; meat of cow, bull, sheep and goat etc are legitimizing for eating in both the religions. Similarly the meat of pig is not allowed for men. Many things are similar in both these religions regarding dietary law. This article describes about ‘ḥalal’ and ‘kosher’ things in detail and tells what the similarities and dissimilarities regarding dietary laws are found in their religious literatures.
Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environment-friendly technology that uses plants to clean up environment from different types of pollutants including heavy metals. The technology is now established in the temperate regions and industrialized countries, however its use in the tropics and developing countries is very limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate growth and phytoremediation potential of some crop plants for Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni). The crop cultivars of three major crops Zea mays L. (H-919, Rifhan-2995, Vaxy), Helianthus annuus L. (Hysun-33, Hysun-38, NK-278) and Triticum aestivum L. (Bhakar-02, Fareed-06, Inqlab-91, Sahar-06 and Shafaq-06) were exposed to varying concentrations of metals i.e., 0, 25, 50 and 100mg kg-1 of soil. The experiments were conducted in pots placed in a wire netting green house at the Botanic Gardens, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan in a Complete Randomized manner. The growth potential was evaluated using morphological and biochemical attributes as predictors while phytoremediation potential was appraised through metal accumulation and uptake by below and above ground plant tissues. The results for morphological attributes clearly depicted reduction in biomass of root and shoot, plant height and leaf area. The crop cultivars also exhibited a decline in photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total). However, leaf carotenoids showed a marked increase in response to Nickel levels in Z. mays and H. annuus cultivars. The metal contents increased in a dose dependent manner consistently in both roots and shoots but metal accumulation was more profound in roots than shoots of the plants. The results suggested that presence of cadmium, copper and nickel in the growth medium had caused a major reduction in all parameters studied for three crops and their cultivars responded differentially to heavy metals. Moreover, accumulation of metals in roots and its subsequent translocation to shoots also indicated potential of crops to extract metal contents from the soil without influencing their early establishment. A cultivar of Carthamus tinctorius L. (US- 10) was used as model cultivar to reveal antioxidant potential of crops to heavy metal stress that depicted a drastic increase in catalase (CAT), super oxidase dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) levels. As far as activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) is concerned it became evident that oxidative defense strategy to mitigate toxic effects of metals is present in the species. The performance of the species appeared in an order maize>sunflower>wheat. However among the cultivars of three crops Vaxy for maize, Hysun-33 for sunflower and Shafaq-06 for wheat showed a better threshold for metal toxicity. Nevertheless, intraspecific response also varied widely and no consistency can be ascertained for attributes, metals, levels, crops and cultivars except for maize which can be a crop of choice for metal contaminated soil. The study further necessitated to address insights of the molecular mechanisms that exist in juvenile plants because only tolerant juveniles are able to produce tolerant adults and vegetative success always leads to reproductive success. Moreover, the inter and intraspecific responses of crop plants thus can provide useful information for the economic utilization of metal contaminated sites as well as their exploitation for phytoremediation technologies without affecting their growth potential and early establishment.