The Big Shift: Examining Practices, Challenges, and Coping Mechanisms of Teachers and Students in Transitioning to Modular Distance Learning

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic threat, the Department of Education (DepEd) established the Basic Education - Learning Continuity Plan (BE-LCP) to allow students to continue their education and teachers to conduct instruction in a safe working and learning environment. As a result, DepEd implemented the distance learning approach, including Modular Distance Learning (MDL), for the School Year 2020-2021. This paper investigated the practices, challenges, and coping mechanisms of teachers and students involved in the implementation of the MDL in Schools Division of Laoag City. This qualitative research utilized semi-structured interview guide to collect data from 20 teachers and 20 learners from elementary, junior high and senior high schools. Using the phenomenological study, data were analyzed and organized into themes. The study's major themes revealed that teachers and students began familiarizing themselves with the features of MDL but encountered challenges such as printing, distribution, and retrieval of modules, as well as monitoring of student progress on the part of the teacher and answering overloaded activities on the part of the students. They claimed, however, that they have unique coping mechanisms in dealing with the identified challenges by resolving issues independently and seeking help from family and colleagues. Finally, the Modular Distance Learning Adoption Framework (MDLAF) was developed and validated for teachers and students to effectively adopt MDL. The researchers recommended that relevant scaffolding such as capacity building, counseling and instructional support be provided to both teachers and students to effectively adopt different learning modalities such as MDL.

The Study of Nanofluid Flows and its Mathematical Analysis With Applications

This thesis is regarding the development of mathematical flow models and analytical techniques for Newtonian and nan-Newtonian nanofluids containing different nanoparticles on stretching sheets and thin film flows on stretching cylinder and starching disc. For stretching sheet, a mathematical model of MHD three-dimension rotating flow of nanofluids is analyzed. SWCNTs are utilized as nano-sized materials while water is used as a based fluid. In this study the heat exchange phenomena deliberated subject to thermal radiation, Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Now for horizontal stretching cylinder, a mathematical formulation of thin film of 2 3 2 Al O H O g − and 2 3 2 6 2 Al O C H O g − nanoliquids is considered. The effect of effective Prandtl number, viscosity and thermal conductivity is discussed. For a starching disc of same problem, an unsteady thin film flow of 2 3 2 Al O H O g − and 2 3 2 6 2 Al O C H O g − nanoliquids is developed. Similarly, another problem of Darcy Forchheimer 2D thin film flow of nanofluids through unsteady stretchable sheets is developed. In this analysis water base SWCNTs are accounted as a nanoparticle. The transformation of nonlinear PDEs arising in these problems into strong ODEs is formed through appropriate variables. HAM techniques have been proposed to solve these problems while the solution of problem three are carried out by using OHAM scheme. In addition, in all these problems the effect of some model flow parameters on velocity and heat are calculated and studied through graphs. The certain physical factors of these problems skin friction coefficient (surface drag force) and Nusselt number (rate of heat transfer) are derived and present through tables.