أثر مؤشرات التغري املناخي يف انتشار بعض اإلمراض املعدية يف حمافظة ذي قار

The study examines the impact of climate change on the spread of some diseases in Thi- Qar Province through collecting and analyzing data about various weather elements and phenomena of some monitoring stations ( Nasiriyah ) for a high-temperature climatic cycle of 78 years (1941-2018). It is divided into seven consecutive and different time periods, 1941-1951, 1952-1962, and 1963-1973, 1974-1984, 1985-1995, 1996-2006, 2007-2018. These elements and phenomena are solar radiation, temperatures (maximum and minimum), wind (Dust storm, rising dust, suspended dust), and the thermal extremes phenomenon (heat and cold waves) The research aims to reveal the reality of trends in climate of the province of thi qar, and find out the reality of the general trend of the elements of climatic different by relying on a series of evidence statistical number of climatic variables for the meteorological station in Nasiriyah especially temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and rainfall, and extreme dust The most important results of the research showed that temperatures trending upward in sync with a clear reduction in the amount of relative humidity and rainfall which threatens a sharp repeating the phenomenon of drought in the future. The research study has found that the City of Nasiriyah ranked first in human diseases for the period 2009-2018, as the reasons for this level of diseases include that Nasiriyah is subject to the recurrence of dusty weather phenomena due to its proximity to the Western Desert Plateau, as well as the lack of cultivated and water-covered areas. This city witnesses serious air pollutions due to the concentration of a large number of factories located near inhabited areas, as well as, the spread of brick factories in the regions of the city, such as, brick factories in the area of El-Islah. This is public services, in addition to the building projects, deterioration of sewage overflow, the spread of epidemics and insects harmful to human health, other climatic environmental pollutants, such as the spread of pollen, plant scents and air allergens, which contributed to the increase in the severity of skin diseases, climate eyes, arthritis and respiratory allergies. The city of Al-Shatra ranked second in the number of people with climatic diseases, Al-Rifai ranked third with infected cases, Souk Al-Shuyoukh ranked fourth, and finally Al-Jibayish ranked fifth and last in people with climatic human diseases for the period 2009-2018 in Dhi- qar province due to the same geographical, climatic, medical, and environmental causes indicated earlier.

Differential Fertility With Special Reference to Social Stratification in Southern Punjab

The human population of world is growing very rapidly and facing a crisis due to over population. In the study of demography, fertility is the most important and perhaps the most complicated aspect than any other aspect of the population. There is a paramount need for the study of components of population growth i.e. fertility, mortality and migration. There is a very sharp reduction in mortality rates and fairly slow declines in fertility rates in Pakistan. This situation presents an alarming vision of the future, because fertility affects the population in variety of ways. So it should be checked so that it would make the country prosperous. The present study “differential fertility with special reference to social stratification” was conducted in Southern Punjab. Three main districts of Southern Punjab Multan, Bahawalpur and Dera Ghazi Khan were selected for the study. Culturally the Southern Punjab is almost the same in nature, but there are too much socio-economic differences between these areas and among the people. Stratified method of sampling was used. The main objectives of the present study were to find out the various socio-economic factors that lead to higher fertility and determine the fertility differential among the various couples according to social stratification. The variation in fertility is caused by various factors such as, educational attainment, economic status, occupation, age, age at the time of marriage, marital period, employment status of woman, religious, race, family structure, health status, etc. These factors are related to each other one being influenced by the other. In the present study 600 respondents were interviewed, the interview schedule technique of data collection was used. The analysis of data was made by using statistical package of social science. Six hypotheses were formulated and five of them were proved and only one hypothesis was disproved.