قاری حفظ الرحمن
قاری حفظ الرحمن صاحب کم وبیش تیس برس سے دارالعلوم دیوبند میں درسِ تجوید وقراء ت کی خدمت انجام دے رہے تھے اب ادھر ایک عرصہ سے اس شعبہ کے صدر تھے۔ انڈوپاک کے قراء میں ان کی شخصیت بڑی ممتاز اورنمایاں تھی۔ چنانچہ عام طور پرانہیں شیخ القراء کہاجاتا تھا اورواقعی وہ اس کے مستحق تھے۔ فن میں مہارت وبصیرت کے علاوہ قدرت نے آواز بھی ایسی پرسوز وگداز دی تھی کہ جہاں کہیں پڑھتے تھے معلوم ہوتاتھا کہ لحنِ داودی کے نغمے برس رہے ہیں اور فضا سرتاپا سماعت بن گئی ہے۔فالج میں کئی برس سے مبتلا تھے لیکن کام چل رہا تھا۔ آخروقت موعود بھی آپہنچا اور رباب ہستی بے نغمہ وصوت ہوگیا۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی قبرٹھنڈی رکھے اورمغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے نوازے۔
[فروری ۱۹۶۹ء]
NAC transcription factors are considered as main family of transcriptional regulators in plants. NAC gene family members play significant contribution in regulating transcriptional reprogramming in plants related to plant stress response. These proteins possess highly conserved DNA binding domains and play a diverse functions in several plants. NAC gene is related to several stress factors including biotic and abiotic factors. NAC transcription factors controls several interrelated processes and their protein products can function as negative or positive regulators in many cellular processes. These regulatory functions are also controlled by NAC proteins such as auto and cross regulation. These regulatory proteins are regarded as a central regulator for the interaction of phytohormones in various stress signaling pathways. This review highlights the role of NAC transcription factors in modulating gene expression and their role in various biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
Pakistan after 11thSeptember, 2001 changed its policy of supporting Taliban Government in Afghanistan and joined US led Global War on Terror. US military action in Afghanistan started in October 2001; this operation pushed the militants and operatives of Al-Qaida from Afghanistan into Pakistan’s Tribal Areas. Thus, turning it into a safe sanctuary for foreign militants and also provided base for Al-Qaeda and Afghan Taliban, these militants used the porous Pak-Afghan border to attack US and Western forces in Afghanistan. Though Pakistan became a close ally of US and its allies in GWOT in Afghanistan and was given the status of a “major non-NATO ally” for its important role in supporting US forces to get hold of Al-Qaida and its supporters. However, Afghan government (established in 2001 in Bonn Conference), Western and international community began to blame Pakistan for allowing and supporting militant groups and for encouraging cross-border attacks. This mistrust ruined Pakistan’s relations with Afghanistan. India subsequently took advantage of situation and became a major actor in Afghanistan through investing and rebuilding projects and started growing its economic and political influence in Afghanistan. Pakistan’s post 9/11 Afghan policy designed to protect Pakistan from any external threat perception and supported Afghanistan politically, financially and hosted millions of Afghan refugees but despite these efforts distrust between both the neighbours, Pakistan and Afghanistan and excessive Indian presence in Afghanistan was a major strategic defeat for Pakistan. It gave rise to security threat perception of Pakistan in its neighbour hood which it always wanted to counter. The flaws in Pakistan’s Policies in responding to the militancy post 9/11 are its entire dependence on the hard options and neglecting peace inside the state. This thesis develops its argument for the appropriate approach to the regional and internal security of Pakistan. This Thesis also shows to embrace the solutions for eliminating the root cause of militancy and extremism on which terrorism feeds and grows.