مولانا شبلی نعمانی کے چند تفردات اور ضعف استدلال سیرۃ النبی کی روشنی میں ایک ناقدانہ جائزہ

Maulānā Shiblī Nu‘mānī (1914) was a great Muslim scholar of sub-continent. Shiblī was a versatile scholar in Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Urdu. He collected much material on the life of Prophet of Islam, Muhammad (ﷺ) but could write only first two volumes of the planned work the Sirat-un-Nabi(ﷺ). His disciple Syed Sulaymān Nadvī, made use of this material and added to it and also wrote remaining five volumes of the work, the Sīrat Al-Nabī(ﷺ) after the death of his mentor. Shiblī was greatly inspired by the progress of science and education in the West. He wanted to inspire the Muslims to make similar progress by having recourse to their lost heritage and culture, and warned them against getting lost in the Western culture. The writer of this article has written a preface followed by an introduction of life and work of Maulānā Nu‘mānī. The next part consists of explaining distinctive features of Shiblī’s book. Maulānā Nu‘mānī dedicated his entire life for the sake of Islam. He had a high quality awareness of the Quran and Sunnah. In his book “Sīrat Al-Nabī", he proved his uniqueness (tafarrudat) regarding various Islamic teachings. In this article I have endeavored to collect some of his uniqueness (tafarrudat) on various issues. Maulānā Nu‘mānī's uniqueness and exclusive ideas were unacceptable for many of contemporary scholars and traditional religious leadership. This article contains some of the selected religious issues in which Shiblī has differed, on the basis of arguments from Quran and Hadith, from traditional scholars. In this article I have analysed Allama's such ideas from his original writings.

Inheritance Pattern of Achene Yield and Drought Stress Tolerance Related Traits in Sunflower

Sixty sunflower accessions were evaluated under Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) mediated drought stress. Selected tolerant and sensitive accessions were crossed in Line ´ Tester fashion and resultant F1 along with their parents were evaluated for drought tolerance in field and PEG mediated drought in lab. Data were recorded on morphological and physiological parameters to estimate genetic variability, general and specific combining ability effects, heterosis manifestation, gene action, correlation and path analyses. Genetic variation among the entries under normal and drought stress treatments, indicated that this breeding material may be used for the development of drought tolerant types. Combining ability analysis exhibited variable direction and magnitude of general combining (GCA) effects among line and testers and specific combining ability effects (SCA) among crosses. The lines A-23, G-33 and 017583 and testers HA-133 and 017577 were best general combiners under normal and drought stress treatments. Results of SCA indicated that crosses G G-61 × 017577, A-79 × CM-621, A-48 × CM-621, 017592 × CM-621, 017592 × 017577, 017566 × HA-341, G-33 × CM-621, G-33 × HA-342, A-79 × HA-133, 017592 × HA-124, A-48 × HA-341, A-48 × HA-342, G-61 × CM-621, HBRS-1 × 017577, A-23 × CM-621, 017566 × HA-124 and A-75 × 017577 were best specific combiners. Crosses G-61 × HA-124 and A-48 × HA-341 had also mid parent, better parent and commercial heterosis for various traits under treatments. Additive type of gene action was observed for germination percentage, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity, stem diameter and oil content while other traits showing non-additive gene action. Association of traits based on correlation and path analyses suggested that seedling fresh weight, dry weight and hundred achene weight might be used as criteria for selection of sunflower for drought tolerance and high achene yield.