Analyzing the Impact of Lady Health Worker Program on Utilization of Maternal Health Services in Community With a Lady Health Worker in Sindh Province

The study aims to analyze impact of Lady Health Worker program on use of maternal health services in community with a lady health worker. The main focus was the rural districts of Sindh for this case study. The maternal health service is determined by at least four Antenatal care (ANC) visits provided to mother and receipt of at least two Tetanus Toxoid (TT) injections to mother during pregnancy. These have direct impact on maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate. Secondary data pertaining to all districts of Sind for three years (2017-2019) was collected from the Sindh Lady Health Worker program office Hyderabad for analysis purpose. Further secondary data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18) was also used to see the impact of intervention of LHW program implemented by Ministry of Health Pakistan in 1994 and then devolved to provinces after the implementation of 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2010. The study found that the services provided by the lady health workers in communities in these districts has positively influenced the uptake of maternal health services as determined by the variables like antenatal visits by pregnant mothers to nearest health facilities and receipt of Tetanus Toxoid injection during pregnancy.

Development of Aops Based Novel Technology for Water Conservation and Pollution Reduction in Textile Dyeing

This study was conducted with an aim to develop a novel washing-off method to remove unfixed reactive dyes from cotton fabrics with lesser amount of water and energy, without compromising color fastness properties. In this context, ozone was utilized very first time in washing-off process to ascertain color fastness properties of selected reactive dyes. After deep shade dyeing (6% owf) of C.I. Reactive Black 5, C.I. Reactive Blue 19, and C.I. Reactive Orange 7, dyed fabrics were subjected to both conventional and new washing-off methods. The new washing-off process was carried out by introducing the ozone at the bottom of bubble column reactor containing the fabric and washing-off liquor. The new process took place at room temperature using a single bath without draining or refilling with fresh water. Fabrics washed-off with both methods were compared in terms of washing fastness, crocking fastness, change of color, and magnitude of total color difference ( ∆E*cmc (2:1) ). The color fastnesses properties and final shade of the ozone treated fabrics were found to be comparable to those washed-off conventionally. Key Terms: Washing-off, Reactive dyes, AOP, Ozone, Bubble column reactor, Fastness