پروفیسر دُنٹ
ماہ گزشتہ کا ایک اہم علمی حادثہ جرمنی کے نامور پروفیسر دُنٹ کی وفات ہے، پروفیسر موصوف فن نفسیات (سائیکولوجی) میں اس وقت استاذ الاساتذہ کا مرتبہ رکھتے تھے، ان کے زمانہ سے پیشتر نفسیات کو عام فلسفہ کی ایک شاخ سمجھا جاتا تھا، دنٹ ہی نے سب سے پہلے یہ بتایا کہ نفسیات بذات خود ایک مستقل فن ہے، جس کے نتائج کی بنیاد قیاس و استدلال پر نہیں بلکہ تجربات و اخبارت پر ہے، چنانچہ سب سے اول انہیں نے نفسیات کے لیے معمل (تجربہ گاہ) قائم کیا، جس میں مادی علوم کے معلموں کی طرح سارا کام تجربات کی مدد سے انجام پانے لگا اور ایک جدید فن نفسیات طبیعی (سائیکو فزکس) کی بنا ڈالی، اس کے علاوہ فلسفہ و اخلاق، منطق وغیرہ پر بھی ان کی گراں پایہ و ضخیم تصانیف ہیں، ابتداً وہ وجود روح کے منکر اور مادیت کے پیرو تھے، لیکن رفتہ رفتہ روح کے قائل اور بالآخر سخت مذہبی آدمی ہوگئے تھے، وفات کے بعد ان کی عمر ۸۸ سال سے متجاوز تھی۔ (سید سليمان ندوی،اکتوبر ۱۹۲۰ء)
Education is a key to developing positivity in human beings. It helps to become a good citizen. In Islam, education has a central role that every Muslim must seek. Islamic education is centered on the teaching of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The Quran is revealed in Arabic, therefore sources of the teachings of Islam are in Arabic. It is the religious duty of the Muslim Ummah to learn Arabic and have command in it. The Quran is the only Book that provides complete guidance to humanity, whether the matters related to social life, economic matters, political issues, or religious life. Keeping this in view, the curriculum should also be prepared in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Focusing on the contemporary curriculum design for Islamic studies for higher education, this paper describes the missing material in the existing curriculum and suggests that the use of modern resources, arranging conferences, and an expansive transformative framework for Islamic studies are the key tools for its implementation. It stresses the curricular designers to approach the existing curriculum more comprehensively which covers Islamic Law, comparative studies, contemporary trends in world traditions, peace dialogue, and practical involvement of students too. This goal can be gained through amendments or revising the existing curriculum. The outcome of it will results in students' critical thinking, positivity, comprehensive knowledge, language proficiency, and character building.
A new method has been established to compute the variants of point defect clusters depending on their symmetry. Results are presented! for close- packed clusters of up to five point defects in cubic crystals. Interesting) relations among the variants of point defect clusters in two and three dimensiqnal lattice structures have been noted. Computer simulation techniques haye been employed to determine the relaxed structures and energies of sortie planar defects using manv-body potentials developed by Ackland et at. (198ir). The structures of some low index twin boundaries, e g. (130), (1j23), (140) and (114) in Copper, are explored 4? to examine their energy configurations. In (140) and (114) twin boundaries local atomic adjustments are made to obtain low interfacial energy. The atomic planes twin interface in all the cases. The interactions of coalesce at the vacancy with (1$0), (123), (140) and (114) boundaries are studied. For single vacancy the maximum binding energy for (123) and (114) boundary is observed when vacancy lies at the plane adjacen: to the interface. The structures and energies of (111), (001) and (110) twist boundaries with different misorientation angles in copper, silver, and investigated as well. It is observed that in-plane translations are flold necessary to establish low energy (110) twist boundary.