زیب و زینت میں لباس کی شرعی حیثیت

Fashionable dressing is a very sensitive issue for females, it creates sometimes confusion that what are the limits and orders of “Shariah” for it. So I try to inform all females a proper dress code in the light of Islamic “Shariah”. Islam is not against the fashion but it says that it should be only for “Mahrams” and it should not be out of limits. So the article deals to clarify needs and importance of dress, dress codes in Islam as well as the usage of different type of dressings like thin, fitted, expensive and costly, male dresses, uneven (not according to Islam) etc. It will clarify the confusion which makes us confused in fashionable dressing and how much it is allowed to keep them in use. Islam has provided guidance in dressing like in any other fields of life as well as fashion is allowed by Allah as blessing but according to the rules and regulation of Islamic “Shariah” and do not try to go against it. That is why we have to be aware and careful while fashioning.

Impact of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring on Mortality in Severe Head Injury at the Aga Khan University Hospital and the Nairobi Hospital

Background: Traumatic brain injury is a major public health problem both in developed and developing nations. It is a particular challenge and a strain on the economy of the developing nations because of the high rates of road traffic accidents, affecting mainly the economically productive age group. World-wide mortalities from severe head injuries range between 39-52% and in our country is estimated at 60%, although it might actually be higher. Patients with severe head injury (defined by a Glasgow Coma Score from 3 to 8) are at highest risk of developing raised intracranial pressure and therefore, are more likely to benefit from an intervention that aims to control intracranial pressure. In the developed world, with organized trauma care systems, studies have shown that intracranial pressure monitoring has shown a significant decrease in mortality from severe head injury, and intracranial pressure monitoring has thus become the standard of care. Though intracranial pressure monitoring started in 1960 in the developed world, it has only become available at the Aga Khan University Hospital in 2009. Its routine use in traumatic brain injury has not been fully embraced and there are no clear guidelines on its use in trauma. Its utility has thus not been validated. It is believed that due to the delays in referral and intervention, intracranial pressure monitoring might not be of benefit in traumatic brain injury in our country. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of introducing intracranial pressure monitoring and drainage on the mortality from severe head injury and comparing mortality from the period before monitoring intracranial pressure(pre-2009)with mortality after instituting intracranial pressure monitoring and drainage(2010 and after). Study question: With the challenges in trauma care and referral, does intracranial pressure monitoring actually improve mortality in severe head injury? Design: A before and after study comparing a retrospective period before 2010 with a prospective period from 2010-2012 for patients admitted with severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3-8) at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi and the Nairobi Hospital. Methods: Retrospective data was analyzed from 42 patients with severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Score of 8 or less) admitted between 2007 and 2010, who did not have intracranial pressure monitoring, and their mortality was compared with the outcomes of 31 patients admitted between 2010 and 2012 with severe head injury who did receive intracranial pressure monitoring as part of their treatment.