عصر حاضر کے تناظر میں اسلامی فلاحی ریاست کے اصول و مبادی

In every age, the state has been a better form of the congregation and an integral part of societies. There has never been a state in human history that has introduced so many social reforms in a short period of time as Madina State did in a short period of time. That is why the state of Madina will remain a role model for all states established until the Day of Judgment. History testifies that as long as Islamic states followed this role model, their contemporary states continued to envy on their social, economic and military position. But unfortunately, the decline of the Muslim Ummah reached the peak by the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the representative state of the Muslims, in the early twentieth century. But before the half-century was over, the Islamic world began to gain independence from colonial powers. By the end of the twentieth century, more than fifty Muslim countries appeared on the geography of the modern world, but their flags were the spokesmen for colors, ethnicity, language, and region except for Pakistan. Political freedom from ideological and intellectual freedom could not be transformed by the Islamic nation’s imperialist powers Rather, the political leadership continued to work on the agenda of the West, causing many social and economic problems for the present Islamic States. The prevailing conditions of the present Islamic countries require that their rulers should re-establish their policies by making Madina state as their role model. The following article presents a golden outline of the welfare state, which will help to make the current Islamic state a welfare state.

Measuring Entertainment and Automatic Generation of Entertaining Games

With the advancement in technology and decrease in prices of electronic items, Personal Computers (PCs) are becoming common. This has resulted in PCs replacing many other electronic gadgets (televisions, play stations, etc.), as people are inclined to use televisions and play stations in their PCs through software. Games are not an exception from this electronic advancement. All this has increased the number of choices in computer games for the users. At the same time the quality of entertainment provided by these games has also decreased due to abundance of games in the market for PCs. On the other hand the task of game development for the developers is becoming tiresome, which requires scripting the game, modeling its contents and other such activities. Still it cannot be known how much the developed game is entertaining for the end users, as entertainment is a subjective term. Another issue from the point of view of game developers is the constant need of writing new games, requiring investment both in terms of time and resources. In order to address afore mentioned challenges (measuring of entertainment and automated generation of games). First task is to devise some metrics that can quantify the entertainment value of a game. Although creating a single quantitative measure for all genres of games is not trivial, but a separate metrics for each can be devised. Based upon the entertainment metrics some computational intelligence techniques can be used to create new and entertaining games. In this work we create a set of metrics for measuring entertainment in computer games. The genres we address are board based games and video games (predator/prey and platform games). The metrics are based theories of entertainment in computer games, taken from literature. Further we use Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) to generate new and entertaining games using the proposed entertainment metrics as the fitness function. The EA starts with a randomly initialized set of population and using genetic operators (guided by the proposed entertainment metrics) we reach a final set of population that is optimized against entertainment. For the purpose of verifying the entertainment value of the evolved games with that of the human we conduct a human user survey and experiment using the controller learning ability.