Impact Analysis of Higher Education Research Trajectory on Governance and Public Policy: A Case Study of Four Federal Universities of Pakistan

The research situates link between the graduate researches in four academic institutes of Islamabad and analyzes its impact on the public policy. The study explores the relevance of graduate research trajectory followed by various academic departments of four major federal universities in Pakistan in formulation and execution of public policy. The author collected last five years graduate level dissertation titles from four federal universities and classified them by using thematic approach. An interview guide/questionnaire is prepared accordingly. Chairpersons, deans, professors, bureaucrats, and parliamentarians were approached for semi-structured, in-depth interviews. This is a qualitative study using thematic and analytical approach. The research finds a lack of cohesion between the graduate research trajectory and policy needs of the public institutions. The absence of a national research vision and collaborative framework, difference in training cultures of bureaucracy and academia, lack of logistic support system, defective learning strategies, and an overall neglect for social sciences are the major reasons for incoherence. The analytical correlation of the recorded opinions reveals opportunities to maximize the relevance of the academic research in public policy domain

An Implicatural Study of Iago's Speeches in Othello

An Implicatural Study of Iago's Speeches in Othello This study presents an analysis of Iago's speeches in the play Othello by Shakespeare. For this purpose the researcher has applied Paul Grice's Theory of Implicature. The study focuses on Iago's speeches as an example of flouting of the maxims of the Cooperative Principle. A total of fifty-two speeches have been selected and analysed in the light of Grice's theory. The speeches have been studied carefully and categorized according to the four maxims (Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner) of the Cooperative Principle. Brief analyses accompany individual speeches. The hypothesis that Iago willfully flouts Grice's maxims in order to achieve his nefarious purposes is proved with the help of this analysis. The study leads to the conclusion that a study of other literary texts, on the same pattern, may enhance comprehension and appreciation of literary texts in general. The application of Grice's theory to Shakespeare's play will add new dimension to Shakespearean criticism and be of great interest for students and teachers of literature.