جانوروں کے مسائل و مشکلات اور ان کا اسلامی حل

There are countless cases of cruelty and abuse of animals in the present era which are not mentioned in Islamic law, It is a pity that most of these atrocities are taking place in the so-called civilized western countries. However, it is heartening to see that the protest against the cruel exploitation by many western animal rights activists is well organized and it is hoped that this will eventually prevail and the animals will be given their due legitimate rights will remain together. What is worrying is that the developing countries, most of which are Islamic countries, have begun to follow their Western masters. They use the West's (Intensive Farming Methods) pesticides, which are harmful to humans and animals and do more harm to the environment than benefit crops, and lead to millions of animals being traded, exported or Similarly, the experiments that are done with reference to new products that are behind the maximum profit and follow them in the form of other similar luxuries. This article describes instructional teachings offered by Islam in such matters, which are very helpful and useful in raising awareness.

Investigation of Active Site of Osrglpi. a Germin-Like Superoxide Dismuatse

Germin-like proteins are glycosylated proteins that are highly diverse in plant kingdom. Most of the germin-like proteins show superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxide dismutase converts superoxide anion into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Identification of catalytic residues is an important step for understanding the mechanism of enzyme catalyzed reactions. Previously OsRGLP1 gene and cDNA were isolated from the roots of Oryza sativa and, under CaMV35S promoter, cDNA has been heterologously expressed in tobacco. In transgenic tobacco plants, OsRGLP1 seems to show SOD activity. Present study was aimed to determine the active site of OsRGLP1. Three dimensional structure and residues involved in metal ion and substrate binding were predicted using bioinformatics tools. Three histidines and one glutamate were predicted to play an important role in metal ion binding and Asparagine to Alanine mutation was predicted to be responsible for different substrate specificity of germin and germin-like proteins. These residues were then mutated with other selected residues by site directed mutagenesis to confirm these predictions. In present study out of many designed mutants, four loss of function mutants were further studied by performing transient transformation of tobacco plants. These transgenic plants were used as source of native and mutant proteins for SOD activity assay to find the effect of mutations on SOD activity. Results of SOD assay showed approximately complete loss of activity in all mutant proteins validating the importance of these residues in SOD activity of OsRGLP1 protein. As these residues are involved in metal ion binding so present study also provide some insight into mechanism of action of OsRGLP1 indicating OsRGLP1 indicating the role of metal ion in its activity.