نوجوانوں میں تعلیم و تربیت کے فقدان کا تدارک اور سدباب: سیرت مبارکہ کی روشنی میں

Youth is no doubt the asset of Muslim world. If they are utilized in charitable activities; in the protection of respect and honor; and developmental works, they can prove to be beneficial and a blessing. While if they are taken by destructive elements in their hands they will become source of destruction and harm. By providing proper Islamic education, our future will be in safe hands and will breath in an air of respect among other nations. In young age, deterioration in manners and moral corruption are alarming and cause mischief in society. Therefore, the interest taken in the problems of youth will result in a progressive society and ummah. Islam has given a special place to youth and has declared them future architect and leaders of humanity. The holy prophet S.A.W has given much importance to the youth and focused on them during his life time.  In Islamic history, Muslim youth has represented the Muslim world in golden words and has spread the message of Islam’s moral height and greatness to the coming generations and nations. Due to the importance of youth problem of the youth in current time regarding lack of education and training are particularly discussed in this article. The research article begins with the detailed study of the research done in the area of education and socialization of youth. Moreover, the importance of education and socialization has been discussed in the light of the teachings of Quran and Hadith. After this, decadence in education, factors responsible for the decadence in education and its worse consequences have been thoroughly discussed in the light of the teachings of Islam.  As there are several reasons responsible for the downfall of education like: parents, teachers, education system, society, state, preachers, political parties and media, therefore, responsibility of the remedy of this lack of proper education and socialization also depend on all these stake holders. In the end of the paper, recommendations are given for the cure of decadence in education.

Analysis of Specific Cutting Energy Consumption During Machining of Al 6061-T6 Alloy, Using the Energy Map Approach

There is an increased emphasis on energy efficiency of manufacturing processes owing to their negative impact on environment. Machining is one of the most widely used process in the manufacturing industry and accounts for more than 15% value in the globally manufactured products. Electrical energy consumption is considered as the major source of environmental and economic impact of machining processes. A number of studies can be found in literature that model and optimize energy consumption in machining processes. However, most of these studies employ power and energy as response variables that makes them machine tool specific. Therefore a generalized machine tool independent approach needs to be developed for energy consumption analysis in machining processes. This research addresses this problem by utilizing specific cutting energy as a response variable. Specific cutting energy takes into account cutting power and material removal rate and is independent of machine tool. A novel specific cutting energy map approach has been presented in this research. Al 6061-T6 alloy has been used as the workpiece material owing to its extensive application in automotive, aerospace and other high-tech products. The developed energy maps can represent specific cutting energy consumption in the form of different regions (very high, high, moderate, low and very low) against varying cutting condition. The energy map approach has been applied in conventional, transitional and high speed machining ranges. The formation of specific cutting energy regions has been investigated and it has been shown that these regions are strongly related with mechanics of cutting process in terms of: shear angle, chip ratio, chip formation, and contact length. It has been shown that energy saving up to 52% in machining of Al 6061 alloy can be achieved by selecting appropriate cutting parameters from the developed energy maps. The undeformed chip thickness was observed to be the most influential machining parameter affecting specific cutting energy consumption. The developed energy maps also revealed the presence of an avoidance zone associated with high cutting speeds and low undeformed chip thickness. Built-up edge was observed to be responsible for formation of avoidance zone.