اقبال شناسی کےتناظر میں فیض اور جابر علی سید کا اختصاصی مطالعہ
اردو ادب میں اقبال شناسی ایک بلند مقام و مرتبہ رکھتی ہے۔ سیالکوٹ کے مشاہیر کی بڑی تعداد نے اقبا ل شناسی پر نمایاں کام کیا ہے۔میجر اقبا ل ڈار ،نعیم اللہ ملک ،ٖڈاکٹر نظیر صوفی،امان اللہ خاں،آسی ضیائی رامپوری،خالد نظیر صوفی،ڈاکٹر الحمید عرفانی ،مولوی الف دین نفیس،یوسف سلیم چشتی ،مولانا ظفر علی خاں،چودھری محمد حسین ،فیض احمد فیض جابر علی سید اور سیالکوٹ سے تعلق رکھنے والے دیگر مشاہیر نے فکر اقبال پر قابلِ قد ر کام کیا ہے۔البتہ پیش نظر آرٹیکل میں دو معروف مشاہیر فیض اور جابر علی سید کا تنقیدی و جائزہ پیش کیا گیا ہے ۔
فیض احمد فیض ایک شاعر ،نثر نگار کے ساتھ ساتھ اقبال شناس بھی ہیں۔ فیض احمد بین الاقوامی شہرت یافتہ شاعر ہیں۔ فیضؔ عظیم مفکر اقبال کے فکروفلسفہ سے خاص نسبت رکھتے تھے ۔ ان دونوں کے کئی اساتذہ اور تعلیمی درسگاہیں بھی مشترک تھیں۔فیض اور اقبال دونوں کاجائے پیدائش سیالکوٹ ہےعلاوہ ازیں دونوں کے والد بھی آپس میں گہرے دوست تھے۔ فیض کی طرح جابر علی سیدایک شاعر ،نقاد ،ماہر لسانیات وعر وض کے ساتھ ساتھ اقبال شناس بھی ہیں۔ جابر نے کئی ادبی مشاہیر کو اپنی تنقید کا موضوع بنایا ہے۔ انھوں نے علامہ اقبال کے کلام اور فن و فکر کو اپنی خصوصی توجہ کا محور بنایا ہے۔ تحقیق وتنقید کے سلسلے میں اقبال جابر کا پسندیدہ موضوع تھا۔ انھوں نے فکر ِاقبال پر بھرپور انداز اور دل وجان سے سپرد قلم کیا۔ اس سلسلے میں انھوں نے اقبال پر باقاعدہ کتب بھی تصنیف کی ہیں۔
فیض احمد فیض ایک شاعر اورنثر نگار کے ساتھ ساتھ اقبال شناس بھی ہیں۔ علامہ اقبال پر لکھے ہوئے مضامین پر مشتمل فیضؔ کی کتاب’’اقبال‘‘ ۱۹۸۷ء میں شائع ہوئی۔ اس کتاب کا ناشر...
The global financial crises 2007 bring about the current banking regulations which stood inadequate to avoid banks from taking in unnecessary risk actions. Therefore, Bank for International Settlement (BIS) and G-20 leaders endorsed a new international standard of banking regulations by revising previous Basel II rule, introduced in 2004, into Basel III in late 2010, so as to enhance the quality including quantity of capital, leverage ratio and liquidity standards, which has become a challenge for nationals to implement these strict reforms under their existing banking system. Parallel with the conventional banking system, for which the Basel Committee formulated Basel framework, Islamic banking introduced in early 1977 to 1980 in Pakistan in response to the decision by the Shariat Bench of Supreme Court, necessitates that the financial system be transformed to operate in conformity with sharia. The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) and Bank Negara Malaysia are the regulator of Islamic banks and full member of IFSB. The Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) established in 2002 in Malaysia as an international standard-setting organization to enforce the international regulatory and supervisory guidelines for Islamic financial organizations along with other standard setting bodies such as AAOIFI and ISDB to achieve this objective. The IFSB promotes the stability and soundness of the Islamic financial institutions by issuing guiding standards and prudential regulations for the industry, The IFSB applied Basel standards in the context of Islamic banks and its operating models. This paper critically evaluates Islamic financial institution’s regulatory and supervisory structures particularly for Pakistan and Malaysia and examines financial position after implementing Basel Accord rules. Study suggests a positive impact in case of both countries.
Reading is an important activity for any learner. Without reading skills, the journey of the learner is likely to be full of hurdles. This is especially true when it concerns learning English as a second language. In developing countries, there is a significant need to develop reading skills. Because of the rote-memory approach to learning in developing countries, learners lag behind in this area i.e. the traditional approach does not consider reading to be contributing to knowledge and understanding, and expects students to regurgitate the lessons to prove their knowledge acquisition. Researchers who were referred to in the literature review found that reading skills have a catalytic contribution to a person's learning rate, and they further say that it is best to focus on the Early Years learners to develop their reading skills, as young learners are quick and can learn double the rate of the adult learners. Recent research suggests that in order to develop reading skills, it is not necessary to spend a lot of money, but only to portray reading as an enjoyable activity and to develop students' interest in the activity. The purpose of this research is to study the use of storybooks as a tool to develop reading skills through enjoyment. Thus, the researcher makes an effort to support the five year old young learners in their reading efforts by using the innovative tool of story-telling. To comprehend this, the researcher endeavored on the path of action research and worked with Early Years teachers in a private school in Karachi, Pakistan. A strategic action plan was prepared and implemented in order to facilitate the students in their reading development. Subsequent planning and action remain responsive to any need for change arising out of the experiences of implementing the previous one. The data for the action process was collected through semi-structured interviews, lesson observation notes, the researcher's reflective diary and tape-recording of the sessions. The gathered data was analyzed soon after each action step for reflection and further action. The research findings confirm that story books motivate the young learners to read books. On one hand, this lends support to the development of vocabulary, comprehension, and language as well. On the other hand, it was found that lack of resources like appropriate story books for the age level, as well as lack of resources for story-telling like puppets, flannel board, etc., hinder the useful facilitation of