مولانا مفتی محمد یوسف بہاری
دارالعلوم ندوہ کے تعلیم یافتہ علماء میں مولانا مفتی محمد یوسف صاحب بہاری ایک لائق فاضل تھے، افسوس کہ انھوں نے ۵؍ اگست ۱۹۲۵ء کو بعارضہ فالج لکھنو میں انتقال کیا، وہ ندوی علماء میں فنون ادب عربی میں کامل دستگاہ رکھتے تھے، فراغت کے بعد اپنی زندگی دارالعلوم پر وقف کردی تھی اور اس وقت وہاں وہ ادیب اول کے عہدہ پر ممتاز تھے، باوجود اس کے کہ ان کو دوسری جگہ بیش قرار تنخواہیں ملتی تھیں، تاہم انھوں نے جس خلوص اور ایثار سے تقریباً دس برس مدرسہ کی خدمت کی وہ تعریف و ستائش کی مستحق ہے، وہ نہایت خاموشی کے ساتھ اپنی خدمات ادا کررہے تھے، عربی رسائل میں ان کے مضامین شائع ہوتے تھے، عربی خواں طلبہ کی سہولت کے لیے شبلی بک ڈپو کے نام مصری مطبوعات کی بہم رسانی کا کام بھی انجام دیتے تھے، افسوس کہ ان کی جواں مرگی نے ہماری صف میں ایک ماتم برپا کردیا اور مدرسہ نے اپنے ایک لائق فرزند کے ساتھ اپنے ایک فاضل مدرس کو کھودیا، خدا مرحوم کو جوار رحمت میں جگہ دے، مولوی ابوالحسنات ندوی مرحوم کی وفات کے بعد ہماری برادری میں یہ دوسرا صبر آزما سانحہ پیش آیا ہے، مسلمانوں میں جو قحط رجال ہے اس کو دیکھتے ہوئے، ان نونہالان چمن کی بے وقت پژمردگی کس قدر پُرحسرت ہے۔
حسرت ان غنچوں پہ ہی جوبن کھلے مرجھاگئے
(سید سليمان ندوی، اگست ۱۹۲۵ء)
Monosodium Glutamate is the scientific name of Chinese salt, which also called Ajinomoto. Monosodium Glutamate was first discovered by the Japanese chemist Ikeda Kibunae in 1908. The MSG was firstly derived from seaweed. Later on MSG was got from meat, gluten, and vegetables etc. It can be derived from Najas ul ‘ain and Gher Najas ul ‘ain things. If it was got from Najas ul ‘ain, then there is a question about MSG that is it halal (permissible/ lawful) or haram (non-permissible/unlawful). This research in this article is concluded that if the culture of MSG is halal or the proper Istihalah has been done in Najas; MSG will be halal (permissible/ lawful). However, where no such details are available about the culture of MSG, it should be avoid, although it cannot be declared haram as per Islamic Jurisprudence rules.
The pressure on the higher education institution is mounting due to increasing competition, rising costs and reducing public funding for the higher education institutions worldwide. These trends in the higher education demand higher education institutions to realign their activities, functions and strategies to their core objectives to be more effective in a constrained world. The situation of higher education in Pakistan is even worse in the sense that most of the higher education institutions, particularly working under public sector, do not have strategic direction. This situation calls for greater attention on the accountability and performance measurement of public sector higher education institutions. The main purpose of this study is the development of Balanced Scorecard performance measurement system for the general-public sector universities in Pakistan. This model of performance measurement has already been implemented successfully in various organizations worldwide. The outstanding feature of this performance management system is that it could be modified according to the cultural context of the organization and its dynamics. This is a qualitative study. The data were collected in two phases. In the first phase, eight general-public sector universities were selected and data were collected from the Students, Teachers and Treasures of each university by means of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and indepth interviews. The second phase of data collection was primarily focused on the opinion of five experts. These experts were selected on the basis of their standing and experience in universities and quality assurance of higher education. The experts were asked to translate the objectives into strategies and suggest measures to gauge the effectiveness of these strategies. By utilizing constant comparison method, as proposed by Grounded Theory, the researcher compared and contrasted the data collected from the stakeholders of the universities and experts. Thus, a strategy map containing all the strategies to achieve all the desirable objectives was developed and finally the Balanced Scorecard containing the measures of performance of general-public sector universities in Pakistan was developed and it appears at the end of the thesis. The findings of the study indicate a disappointing state of strategic planning and performance measurement of genera-public sector universities in Pakistan. The students and teachers raised many concerns relating to the quality of education which according to them was out of context of practical world. This study recommends five perspectives of Balanced Scorecard i.e. Learning and Development (of teachers) Perspective, Research Perspective, Teaching Perspective, Student Perspective and Financial Perspective. The strategies and measures relating to the objectives of the universities are also segregated for each of the perspective. Balanced Scorecard provided by this study should be taken as a first step which could further be modified to fit each of generalpublic sector universities according to the needs and demands of the individual organization. The researcher calls practitioners and policy makers to implement the proposed framework to make the performance management system of their universities more relevant and effective. By no means, it is implied that this is final version of Balanced Scorecard. Each implementing university will subsequently modify this framework on the basis of feedback during implementation. Consequently, switching over to this performance management system will enhance the quality of higher education in Pakistan.