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Study of Phytochemical Constituents from Ricinus Communis Linn. Roots

Thesis Info

Author

Hira Kalim

Department

Department of Chemistry, QAUid-I-Azam University

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xiii, 146

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M. Phil. CHE/1078

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676716231381

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17۔عدالتی نظام میں سقم و نقائص

جہاں بھی انسانی وضعی قوانین لاگوں ہوں گے تو ان میں لامحالہ سقم کے خدشات موجود ہوتے ہیں۔ اس طرح پاکستان کے عدالتی نظام میں بھی کچھ نقائص موجود ہیں اور یہ سقم زیادہ تر پروسیجرل لاء میں نظر آتے ہیں ، جیسا کہ ججز کی شرعی حوالے سے تربیت اور قابلیت کے معیار پر پورا نہ اترنا،ججزکی تعداد کا کم ہونا ، پولیس کا عدم تعاون ، وکلاء کا اپنے پیشے اور اسلامی اقدار سے مخلص نہ ہونا، دعوٰی اور فیصلوں کا اردو زبان میں نہ ہونا، کورٹ فیس، شہادت کے لئے معیارکا پورا نہ ہونااورلوگوں کا غربت اور خوف کی وجہ سے گواہی کے لیے پیش نہ ہونا وغیرہ حدود وقصاص قوانین کے نفاذ میں رکاوٹ و سقم ہیں۔

فتوی اور فتاوی الکاملیہ کا تعارف و اہمیت

From the very beginning Islam has given great importance to discipline. In every facet of life discipline has a role to play. Today when we delve deep in to our lives, we are amazed as to how it has always proved its worth. It has brought the tide of revolution in everyone's mind. Similarly, the element of discipline saves a society from disruption and instability. It infuses in life satisfaction and contentment. Contrarily, indiscipline and mismanagement give birth to dejection and dissatisfaction. Time management plays a vital role in the establishment of discipline in a society. Considering the vast importance of time management in the light of discipline, the following article throws a great deal of light on it in the Islamic perspective.

Perception of Indo-Afghan Relations and its Strategic Implications for Pakistan Challenges and Options in the Post 9/11 Era

Pakistan is located in South East Asia. Its geographical location is very important. Its immediate neighbor Afghanistan has been the battle ground for regional and extra regional powers for the last three decades. Earlier USSR and now US led ISAF forces are present in the region. On the other hand, Pakistan has the history of hostile relations with its immediate neighbors, India and Afghanistan. India wants to play hegemonic role in the regional power politics. Indian perception is that the enemy of his enemy is his friend. Therefore it developed and enjoyed good relationship with Afghanistan since independence. India is lavishly spending/investing in Afghanistan in social and strategic sectors. There has been a growing strategic relationship between India and Afghanistan since 9/11. Signing of the Strategic Treaty in 2012 between India and Afghanistan is of great significance for both of them. Withdrawal of ASSAF forces is expected in the near future. End game in Afghanistan and possible role of Pakistan and India in post 2014 Afghanistan is of great significance. In this scenario, the present study of Indo-Afghan relation is very important. During literature review, very little print material on the topic Indo-Afghan Relations was available. Current period is particularly written by Indian writers (Vinod, Rahul Annand, Muni, Roy etc) who are biased and portray the soft and humanitarian face of India. While,in Afghanistan West is looking at the investment of India as peacemaking efforts (Fredric, Barbara, and Knonstadt). Very little has been written by Pakistanis (Ashraf, Yousaf). Big knowledge gap exists therefore research has been conducted to fill the gap. The theory of Neo-Realism was applied.The trilateral relations of three nations namely India, Pakistan and Afghanistan were a case study of the behavior of the states. As states are the most important actors in international relations and seek material power and capabilities in order to survive. National interest is much more important than morality and values for any state. Thesis argument is that the fast growing Indo-Afghan relations are stretching in all the fields including politics, economic, military and security in the post 9/11 era. They are threatening Pakistan’s political, economic and security interests in the region. Research work is comprised of 6 chapters. Fifth and sixth chapter include the perception of Pakistan’s politicelites. They are of the view that India is definitely investing in Afghanistan but it is a meager amount ascompared to the size of Indian economy. They opine that Indian investment in Afghanistan has following purposes; to minimize Pakistan’s influence in Afghanistan, to create a soft image of India in Afghanistan in order to achieve its hegemonic interests and to access Central Asian Republic’s markets through Afghanistan. India is so far being successful in all of its objectives. However, Pakistan’s policies don’t seem to bepolitically sound and fruitful in near future. It is time to revisit policies of interference and strategic depth. Neighbours can’t be changed, therefore, friendly and cordial relations with both the neighbors are pre-requisite for peaceful future.