خون حرا م ہے: حلال انڈسٹری کے بنیادی قرآنی معیار کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Healthy nourishment depends on healthy food. General consideration of people is of being the food safe and edible for human consumption not its effect on their spiritual selves but the Islamic terms Ḥalāl and Ḥarām emphasis on both physical and internal safety. Islam commands to avoid doubtful and dubious things rather than to use Ḥarām. The unprecedented evolution and advancement of science and technology caused a revolution in the food-science and technology as well. Many new and innovative flavors etc. Took place of organic and natural consumables. Accordingly, the Muslims were in dire need of a robust system which would be able to convince them of the Ḥalāl status of the daily consumables. The article investigates the Sharī’ah stand on the issue of blood in the light of Qur’ān, Sunnah and comparative jurisprudence study, and modern sciences related to blood. Keeping in mind the Globalized Halal Industry all the researched is coupled with combined comparative study of all Schools of Islamic Fiqh, to make easy the way of Unified Halaal Standard regarding the blood. Under the main title The paper comprises subtopics of an introduction and few chapters, which deal with definition and functions of blood, types of blood, difference between blood of aquatic and land animals, comparative study of modern sciences related to blood and Shariah status of use of the blood in various industries in term of Halal and Haram.

A Comparative Study of the Role of Public Higher Secondary Schools in Rural and Urban Sindh

The overall purpose of this study was to examine how rural and urban Higher Secondary School differs in their performance and what role they were playing in the education system of Sindh. The scope of the study was limited to the Public Higher Secondary Schools province of Sindh only. The population of the study consisted of Principals of Public Higher Secondary Schools in rural and urban Sindh. The final sample consisted of 70 Principals, 30 from rural and 40 from urban Public Higher Secondary Schools of Sindh. Study reviewed research information on some major aspects of Public Higher Secondary Schools in rural and urban Sindh, its role in education system including its effectiveness, discipline, performance and examination results. So the researcher had presented the background of the problem and introduced the impact of the problem on present education system. Assumptions as well as hypothesis were formulated. Education system of Pakistan and other countries were explained in the study. Education policies, in accordance with Higher Secondary Schools and rural- urban disparity in access to education in Sindh also discussed. The affects of Principals, teachers and students on the performance of higher secondary schools were also observed. Questionnaire was developed for collection of data by using pre-test and post-test method. Statistical analysis of data collected was done. All the five hypotheses were tested using frequency, percent, valid percent and cummulative percent. Findings of research were also discussed. Recommendations were prepared to highlight and enhance the role of public higher secondary schools of rural and urban Sindh, in education. It was expected that this work will help research scholars and relevant educationists for further research. The government officials may also utilize this work in overcoming the problems in Public Higher Secondary Schools and improve its performance.