Moral Dichotomy: Coetzee’s Stance on Moral Dilemma in Postmodernist Society in Disgrace

Coetzee anticipates the moral dilemma of today's individuals, in order to achieve his aim torevert the current trends in moral philosophy which has marked morality with individual partialities. The morality of self/will has pervaded in the society with substantial philosophical argumentation as well. This research intends to study Dionysian morality in comparison with modern (Appolonian) principles of morality as presented by Coetzee. The research is planned to differentiate the two by presenting their roots with logical reasons; Nietzsche's conception of morality and the need of Freudian repression. In the context of Disgrace Coetzee developed his moral theory through circumstantial justice with such a force that all reasons given by Overman (Übermensch) of Nietzsche fail. The paper will unveil the relationship of power and the need for justice. Coetzee proves the importance of Freudian Repression Theory that makes everybody responsible for the concord in a society. The cultivation of Dionysian concept of life only brings disgrace to man, and such philosophies can only be supported when the individual is in power, vulnerability in the society makes man to understand the value of morality and exercise of proper judicial system. South Africal context of the novel situates the anticipation of Dionysian cult in more understanding way to the audience. To avoid social Darwinism, state institutions should come in action in order to ensure the equal power distribution among the masses. Uneven distribution of power creates only oppressors and victims in the society, which further lead society to chaos. Coetzee proves the importance of circumstantial justice over the institutional justice, as institutional justice can punish only but the transformation of transgressor only takes place with circumstantial justice and for the betterment of society, transformation provides better results than punishment because institutions do create a different power structures that also work to suppress people.

Biochemical Portrayal of Different Bitter Gourd Momordica Charantia L. Cultivars With Special Reference to Their Therapeutic Potential

In current study, the core objective is to elucidate the nutritional composition and bioactive profile of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) cultivars in relation to their antidiabetic and antihypercholesterolemic effects. For the purpose, six cultivars viz., BG 20, Black King, FSD Long, KHBG-1, GHBG-1 & Noor were procured from Vegetable Research Section, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad. In first phase, bitter gourd cultivars and their parts (skin, flesh, seeds and whole fruit) were analyzed for biochemical and nutritional aspects. Results showed that bitter gourd cultivars are good source of carbohydrate, protein and minerals. Water extracts exhibited higher polyphenols, flavonoids, DPPH, FRAP, β carotene and ABTS values than methanol. In addition, bitter gourd was found to be rich source of charantin, momordicin I & II, vicine and polypeptide P. Black King was selected, owing to rich chemistry for the development of functional drink and subsequent bioevaluation trial. Efficacy trials were carried containing bitter gourd skin, flesh, seeds and whole fruit powder @ 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight against hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. In this regard, rats were given normal diet (Study I), high sucrose diet (Study II) and high cholesterol diet (Study III). Bitter gourd supplementation in these studies showed significant reduction in body weight, serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides & LDL and marked increase in insulin and HDL level of rats indicating their effectiveness against life style oriented disorders. The whole bitter gourd fruit powder (300 mg/kg BW) performed better results than rest of the treatments. Conclusively, bitter gourd supplementation is effective to attenuate lifestyle related maladies.