مولانا مختار احمد ندوی
افسوس اور سخت افسوس ہے کہ راقم کے بڑے کرم فرما اور ملک کے ممتاز عالم دین مولانا مختار احمد ندوی ۹؍ ستمبر ۲۰۰۷ء کو ممبئی میں انتقال فرماگئے، ان کی تدفین دوسرے روز جوہو قبرستان میں ہوئی، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مولانا مؤ شہر کے محلہ و شوناتھ پورہ میں ۱۹۳۰ء میں پیدا ہوئے تھے، ان کے والد کو جمعیۃ اہل حدیث کے سرخیل مولانا ابوالوفا ثناء اﷲ امرتسریؒ سے بڑی عقیدت تھی اور یہ عجیب اتفاق ہے کہ راقم کے والد بھی مولانا امرتسریؒ کے بڑے عقیدت مند تھے اور اکثر ان کا گن گاتے تھے، مولانا مختار احمد کے والد چاہتے تھے کہ ان کا بیٹا بھی علم دین کی تحصیل کرکے دعوت و اشاعت دین کا کام کرے، ان کی یہ آرزو پوری ہوئی اور مولانا مختار احمد برابر دعوت و تبلیغ دین کی خدمت انجام دیتے رہے۔
مؤ میں جمعیۃ اہل حدیث کے کئی بڑے مدارس ہیں، انہوں نے جامعہ عالیہ عربیہ اور فیض عام میں تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد دارالحدیث رحمانیہ دہلی میں داخلہ لیا اور پھر دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلما سے کسب فیض کیا، کچھ عرصے بنارس میں مولانا ابوالقاسم بنارسی کی خدمت میں رہ کر صحیحین کا درس لیا، اس کے بعد وہ دین و دعوت کے کام انجام دینے میں مصروف ہوگئے، پہلے کلکتہ جاکر وہاں کی جامع مسجد اہل حدیث میں خطیب و امام کی ذمہ داری سنبھالی، ۱۹۶۷ء میں ممبئی آگئے اور مومن پورہ کی جامع مسجد اہل حدیث میں خطابت و امامت کے فرئض انجام دینے لگے، اس کے بعد بنگالی مسجد مدن پورہ کو اپنا مرکز بنایا، بعد میں صرف جمعہ کی امامت کرتے اور خطبہ دیتے تھے، خوش بیان تھے، ان کا خطبہ سننے کے لیے لوگ دور دراز سے آتے، راقم کو بھی یہاں ایک دوبار ان...
Islam is a complete code of life and provides the rights to every class of the human beings. Women rights is a kind of such basic rights which were not bothered in the world but Islam provided it to this gender in its ancient age. So many enactments have been made in Pakistan at federal and provincial level. “Punjab Protection of Women Against Violence Act 2016” will be main study of this research article in which. This act was passed rapidly without any detailed discussion on it, so is the reason that it bears so may deficiencies in it. Implementation of this act will surely cause to create the internal problems in family life and will destroy the family system of the era. Some provisions of this act are repugnant to Islamic teachings as well as to ethical norms which make the husband helpless, notorious and such sinful and criminal person who has no right of honor and respect in the society and this will become a permanent document of dishonor which will affect his person as well as his whole family. These main points of this Act will be analyzed in sharia perspective in this research paper.
This research work includes the exploration of ethnobotanical, pharmacognostic, physicochemical and pharmacological aspects of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. of the dicotyledonous family, Sapotaceae. It is locally known as ―Gurgura‖ and is used as a source of fuel, fodder, agricultural tools and for Honey bee farming in various areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Medicinally the fruits are used as a digestive, purgative, laxative, in urinary disorders, diuretic, vermifuge, refrigerant, tonic and in antiseptic pastes. Morphological, anatomical and organoleptic features of different parts of the plant (fruit, seed, leaf, stem bark and root bark) were worked out in detail. M. buxifolia had a palisade ratio of 6.75± 0.5, vein islets number 37.4±2.88 per mm2, vein termination number 35.4±1.8 per mm2, stomatal number of lower epidermis 77.4±3.57 per mm2 and 7.75± 0.97 on upper epidermis while stomatal index of lower epidermis 10.53±0.40 and upper epidermis 5.39±0.33. Stomata on the upper epidermis were of actinocytic type while on the lower epidermis actinostephanocytic type of stomata were present. The powder drug studies of the fruit, seed, leaf, stem bark and root bark showed characteristic fragments.The qualitative preliminary phytochemical screening of different parts of M. buxifolia gave positive indications for presence of aminoacids, proteins, reducing and nonreducing sugars, fixed oils, fats, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins, anthocyanins, Triterpenoids, phytosterols and Flavonoids in both aqueous and methanol extracts. The florescence behaviour, moisture contents and ash values were also worked out. The fruit pulp, seeds and leaves contained 8.33%, 10.62% and 0.56% fixed oil respectively. Linolenic acid, Oleic acid, Palmitic acid, Myristic acid and Stearic acid were the major component fatty acids. Elemental analysis of various parts of M. buxifolia revealed presence of good quantities of Nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Trace elements were found to be within the WHO permissible limits except for lead (22.48±0.33) and Cobalt iv (10.7±0.01), which exceeded the permissible limits in barks of stem and root respectively.The methanol extract of M. buxifolia fruit and leaf were tested at 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight doses for any toxicological effects. They were found to be safe at all the tested doses.The methanol extracts of different parts of M. buxifolia were evaluated for their cytotoxic potentials against Artemia salina larvae. The fruit pulp had no visible cytotoxic effects. The seed extract produced most significant cytotoxic effects, giving an LD50 value of 4.668 (µg/ml) followed by root bark (31.265 µg/ml), leaf (97.59 µg/ml) and stem bark (199.65 µg/ml). In the in vitro spasmolytic bioassay the crude methanol extract of M. buxifolia fruit produced a significant inhibition of jejunal contractions through cholinergic pathway and voltage gated calcium channel blockade, similar to verapomil.The 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg doses of M. buxifolia fruit and leaf extracts produced significant antidiarrheal effects against Castor oil induced diarrhea in mice, in a dose dependent manner. The fruit extract caused 38.8%, 61% and 61.2% while the leaf extract caused 67.2%, 74.6% and 91.1% inhibition of faecal droppings, respectively, as compared to negative control. The 250 and 500 mg/kg doses of crude methanol extract of M. buxifolia fruit produced remarkable hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in mice. the post-damage treatment was more effective and comparable to the standard hepatoprotective drug, Silymarin. The extract significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lowered the elevated levels of biochemical markers (Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase and Gamma‐GT) towards normal. Histopathological studies further confirmed hepatoprotective potentials of the plant. This study provides useful pharmacognostic standards for M. buxifolia and elaborates its pharmacological significance.