گرامیؔ، غلام قادر، شیخ
حضرت گرامیؔ
ہندوستان کے کہنہ مشق اور فارسی کے مسلم الثبوت شاعر حضرت گرامی نے ۲۶؍ مئی ۱۹۲۷ء کو چند روزہ علالت کے بعد اس دنیائے فانی کو الوداع کہا، مرحوم پنجاب کے ضلع جالندھر کے رہنے والے تھے، فارسی شاعری سے ان کو فطری لگاؤ تھا، کچھ دنوں امرتسر کے ایک اسلامی مدرسہ میں معلم رہے، پھر اعلیٰ حضرت نظام سابق مرحوم کی قدر شناس نگاہ نے ان کو تاکا اور اپنے دربار کا فارسی شاعر مقرر کیا، اخیر عمر میں حیدرآباد سے جالندھر آکر جب قیام کیا تو ان کی صحبت اور فیض اثر سے متعدد نوجوان اردو شاعر پیدا ہوئے، جن میں ابولاثر حفیظؔ اور سالکؔ کے نام سب سے اونچے ہیں، ڈاکٹر اقبال نے بھی جب سے فارسی میں کہنا شروع کیا، ان سے استفادہ میں دریغ نہیں کیا، زبان کے معاملہ میں وہ ان کی سند تھے، افسوس ہے کہ اب کشورِ ہند ایسے یگانہ نامور کے وجود سے خالی ہوگیا۔
مرحوم سے صرف ایک دفعہ آل انڈیا شعراء کانفرنس دہلی منعقدہ ۱۹۲۳ء میں ملاقات ہوئی تھی، بے حد ملنسار، متواضع اور مرنجان آدمی تھے، ایک سال پہلے تک ان کے اکثر خطوط میری عزت بڑھاتے رہتے تھے اور کبھی کبھی معارف کے صفحوں کو بھی اپنے نغموں سے معمور کیا کرتے تھے، مولانا شبلی مرحوم کے تعلق اور ان سے حیدرآباد کی یک جائی اور شاعری کی ہم پیشگی کا اثر یہ تھا کہ وہ مولانا مرحوم کی اس یادگار کو بزرگانہ محبت کی نگاہوں سے دیکھا کرتے تھے، افسوس کہ یہ فیض اب ہمیشہ کے لئے بند ہوگیا۔
(سید سليمان ندوی، جون ۱۹۲۷ء
Different scholars have compiled the books which contain a large numbers of authentic Ahadith (Ahadith Sahiha), to achieve this purpose, they introduced different hadith sciences to distinguish between the true and the fabricated hadith. The authentic Sunnah is contained within the vast body of Hadith literature. One of them is Imam Zia ul Maqdasi. Imam Zia Uddin Muhammad bin Abdul Wahid Maqdasi’s book “Al Ahadith al Makhtara” is one of the best books of its kind. Many Islamic scholars have declared it better than Imam Hakim’s book Al Mustadrak. Allama Iraqi, one of his contemporaries said that the Ahadith given in his book Al Ahadith al Makhtara were not ascertained to be authentic before. Only those Ahadith have been given in this book whose asaneed are correct but they have not been reported by Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim. Also, one of the strengths of this book is that it reflects the glimpses of Muajam. Imam Maqdasi wrote this book in the manner of Masaneed that is to say that he mentioned the name of the companion of the Holy Prophet (SAW) and then reported his traditions. Sometimes he also indicates the factors responsible for the interruption in the authenticity of Ahadith. But, sadly, Imam Maqdasi passed away and could not complete this great book. In this article I will discuss the Imam Zia ul Maqdasi approach towards “Ahadith Sahiha” in his book Al Ahadith ul Mukhtara.
The present study was planned to examine digestible amino acids (DAA) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of the commonly used indigenous poultry feed resources, and their effects on the performance of Cobb (500), Arbor Acre and Hubbard (Classic). The study comprised of three phases. In the first phase, standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of 3 samples of each feed ingredient was determined in broilers at the age of 21 days. The test ingredients served as sole source of AAs in their respective diets. The diet based on each sample of each ingredient was fed to 36 birds in 6 replicates, each containing 6 birds. The acid insoluble ash (AIA), at the rate of 2% of the diet, was used as an external marker to determine digestibility. Among cereals, the corn had the highest SIAAD (90.11%) and among cereal by-products, wheat bran exhibited higher SIAAD (76.86%). Among protein meals, soybean had the highest digestibility but it was the lowest in guar meal. In the second phase, the AMEn of 3 sample of each feed ingredient was determined by substitution method in 21 days old broilers using AIA, at 1% of the diet, as an external marker. Among cereals, rice broken had the highest AMEn (3372 kcal/kg). Similar in cereal byproducts, rice polishings supplied the highest AMEn (1936 kcal/kg). The fish meal exhibited highest AMEn (2802 kcal/kg) in protein meals. In the third phase, 3 diets for each strain were formulated using DAA coefficients and AMEn values determined in first two phases to examine the growth performance of three broiler strains. The control diet (C) had standard DAA according to each strain’s requirement. The second diet (HDAA) supplied 10% more DAA and the third diet (LDAA) had 10% less DAA than C. Data were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) having levels of DAAs nested within broiler strains. The growth performance of Arbor Acre at 42 days of age was better (P<0.05) followed by Hubbard and Cobb. All 3 strains of broilers fed LDAA diet ate more (P>0.05) feed and gained numerically more (P>0.05). Similarly, improved feed conversion ratio (P>0.05) was noticed in Cobb fed HDAA diet. However, Arbor Acre and Hubbard performed better on C diet. Dressing percentage remained similar among all diets in all strains; but, breast meat percentage improved (P>0.05) when fed HDAA diet in all strains. In conclusion, determining nutrient availability of locally available feed ingredients will not only help maintain national database repository but will also help cost-effective broiler production in the country.