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Dna Barcoding and Molecular Systematics of Selected Species of Family Acanthaceae

Thesis Info

Author

Ibrahim Khan

Department

Department of Biotechnology, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xvi, 72

Subject

Biotechnology

Language

English

Other

Call No: Diss / M. Phil / BIO / 4718

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676716285641

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39. Al-Zumar/The Companions

39. Al-Zumar/The Companions

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

39:01
a. The sending down of The Book - The Qur’an - with meticulous care has been arranged by Allah - The One and Only God.
b. The Almighty, The All-Wise.

39:02
a. Indeed, WE have sent down to you, O The Prophet, The Book with the purpose of making it a decisive authority.
b. So submit to Allah in awe and worship,
c. sincere in your Faith in HIM alone.

39:03
a. Indeed the True Faith is for Allah alone.
b. Yet those who take up other entities as their protectors instead of HIM, argue:
c. ‘We do not worship them except that they may bring us close to Allah.’
d. Allah will certainly judge between them concerning their differences.
e. For sure, Allah does not guide anyone who is a liar and is ungrateful/disbelieving.

39:04
a. If Allah had ever wanted to take a son to HIMSELF,
b. HE could have certainly chosen whoever HE Willed from those whom HE created.
c. Glory be to HIM!
d. HE is Allah, The One and Only, The Prevailing.

39:05
a. HE created the celestial realm and the terrestrial world for a purpose and without a precedent.
b. HE wraps the nighttime around the daytime, and
c. wraps the daytime around the nighttime.
d. HE made the sun and the moon subservient to HIS laws to serve you, each running on a
fixed course in their respective orbits for an appointed term set by HIM.
e. Indeed, HE is The Almighty, The Ever-Forgiving.

The Genesis of Shi’ism in Islam

Like other major religions of the world, sectarian division took place in Islam too. The major cause of this sectarian division was political in its nature rather than religious. Immediately after the demise of the Holy Prophet (SAW), believers were divided over the question of succession to the Prophet (SAW) which later on culminated in the shape of two sectarian factions i.e. Sunni and Shi‘ah. The present paper will give a complete account of the genesis of Islamic sects including the events that directly intensified shi’ism  in Islam.

Modeling and Numerical Simulations of Some Fractional Nonlinear Viscoelastic Flow Problems

Modeling of viscoelastic flows in terms of fractional calculus is an inquisitive area in engineering and industry. The physical models with fractional operators in nonNewtonian fluid mechanics represent more realistic behavior of flows involving nonlinear complex dynamics. The efficiency is because of freedom to choose derivative of any order in the mathematical formulation of the flows. Non-integer derivatives are important for the systems having hereditary behavior as they depend on the past conditions along with the local conditions. Viscoelastic fluids keep memory of old deformations and their behavior is related to these deformations. The fractional derivatives are more adequate in predicting the characteristics of viscoelastic fluids than the ordinary derivatives. In literature linear flow problems, with non-integer derivatives are solved by classical transforms methods. Unfortunately, most of the viscoelastic fluids unlike Newtonian fluids, are not characterized by only one relation. Mathematical equations, for the viscoelastic fluid flows are highly nonlinear in nature. In most of situations, highly nonlinear PDEs cannot be solved exactly, by existing techniques. Literature survey indicates, that appropriate consideration is not given to the numerical solutions, of anomalous nonlinear flow problems with noninteger derivatives. In this study, we have modeled the viscoelastic flow problems via fractional calculus approach and considered numerical techniques using finite difference approximations along with ”L1 algorithm”to discretize non-integer derivatives of time and finite element, discretization is used for space variables, in order to solve the governing fractional viscoelastic models. Finally we have predicted the behavior of viscoelastic fluids that can be used directly for the simulations of industrial processes.