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Phylogenetic Analysis of Selected Species of Family Apocynaceae Sensu Lato on the Basis of a Chloroplast Gene Rps 11

Thesis Info

Author

Ibrahim Muhammad

Department

Department of Plant Sciences, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

v, 37,

Subject

Plant Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Phil. BIO/3115

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676716286129

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پروفیسر محب الحسن

پروفیسر محب الحسن مرحوم
گزشتہ مہینے ملک کے ممتاز مورخ اور مشہور معلم جناب پروفیسر محب الحسن کا انتقال ۹۰ برس کی عمر میں ہوگیا۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مرحوم نے تاریخ ٹیپو سلطان کے مصنف کی حیثیت سے بڑی شہرت حاصل کی وہ اس موضوع پر سند کا درجہ رکھتے تھے، ان کی کتاب ’’کشمیر سلاطین کے عہد میں‘‘ بھی کشمیرکی تاریخ میں بڑی وقیع خیال کی جاتی ہے۔ انہوں نے اگرچہ کم لکھا تاہم اپنی بلند پایہ کتابوں اور اہم تحریروں کی وجہ سے وہ نامور اور اچھے مصنفوں میں شمار کیے جاتے ہیں۔
پروفیسر محب الحسن نے لکھنؤ میں تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد لندن یونیورسٹی سے تاریخ میں بی اے آنرز کیا، وہاں سے واپسی کے بعد ان کی طویل زندگی کا آغاز کلکتہ یونیورسٹی سے ہوا جہاں انہوں نے ۴۲؁ء سے ۵۶؁ء تک اسلامی تاریخ و تہذیب کا درس دیا۔ ۵۶؁ء سے ۶۳؁ءتک وہ مسلم یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ تاریخ کے ریڈر رہے۔ پھر جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ میں پروفیسر اور شعبہ تاریخ کے صدر کی حیثیت سے ۷۰؁ء تک سرگرم عمل رہے اور آخر میں وہ کشمیر یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ تاریخ کے صدر مقرر ہوئے اور ۷۴؁ء تک وہاں درس و تدریس میں مشغول رہے۔
ان کے وسیع علمی و تعلیمی تجربات سے مختلف اداروں اور تنظیموں کو بڑا فائدہ پہنچا۔ بنگال کی ریجنل ریکارڈ سروے کمیٹی کے وہ اہم رکن تھے۔ آثار قدیمہ کی ایک اہم کمیٹی سے بھی ان کا تعلق رہا۔ حکومت ہند نے ایک وفد امریکہ اور برطانیہ میں تعلیم عامہ کے جائزہ کے لیے روانہ کیا تھا، اس کے آٹھ رکنی وفد میں بھی شامل تھے۔ انہوں نے انڈین ہسٹری کانگریس اور پنجاب ہسٹری کانگریس کے شعبہ قرون وسطیٰ کی صدرارت بھی کی۔ کلکتہ کی ایران سوسائٹی کے وہ اساسی رکن تھے، اس کے نائب صدر اور سوسائٹی...

عبادات(نماز و زکاۃ): قرآنی سیاق و سباق کے تناظر میں ذہنی سکون کا منبع

This is the well-known fact that ebadat are the most important articles of Islam. Ebadat bring many spiritual and material benefits to worshipers (Muslim), and this included peace of mind and satisfaction of heart. This point is discussed in this article in detail with reference to the relevant verses of Quran and Prophetic Sunnah in the light of Tafaseer perspectives. A person who bow to Allah Almighty sincerely, he offers prayers in time and pay Zakat to get the Will of Allah, he becomes a great man who is blessed with peace of mind as being agree in every condition with believing in Allah SWT being as satisfaction for him and makes him free from mental tension and anxiety. In the view of Quran e Kareem, the main reason for giving details of the rewards and benedictions of the Paradise is to develop satisfaction within the hearts of the worshipers. It is observed that only the way of attaining real peace of mind and satisfaction of heart is to be punctual and regular in offering prayers and paying zakat sincerely realization in the true sense.

Rhodium Catalyzed Enantio- and Regioselective Hydrofunctionalization of Allene and Pd-Peppsi Catalyzed Amination of Heteroaryl Derivatives

Transition metal catalyzed reactions have had a large impact on the human progress for the last century. Development of new environmentally benign approaches for the synthesis of biologically important molecules in atom and step economical way is highly desirable.Investigating new and more effective transition metal catalyzed strategies for C-C and C-X bond formation is one of the most important aspects of this research area. The prospect for such developments is probed in the context of this doctoral thesis.We investigated rhodium catalyzed Carbon-Carbon and CarbonNitrogen bond forming protocols involving hydrocarbonation and hydroamination of alkyne and allene as well as Pd-PEPPSI mediated cross coupling methodology for the synthesis of heteroaryl amine derivatives. Rhodium catalyzed regio- and enantioselective allylation strategies were inspected utilizing heterocyclic backbones i.e pyridazinones and azlactones for the hydroamination of terminal allenes and hydrocarbonation of internal alkynes respectively. Regio- and enantioselective allylation of pyridazinone by hydroamination of terminal allene utilizing [{Rh(cod)Cl}2] and (S)-2,2’-Bis[bis(3,5diisopropyl-4-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphino]-6,6’-dimethoxy-1,1’-biphenyl catalyst system led to the synthesis of N-allylated diazinone moieties in excellent yield and enantioselectivities. Broad functional group compatibility was observed using a diverse range of functionalized allenes and substituted pyridazinones. Assorted synthetic transformations of the N-allyl pyridazinones led to the preparation of a small library of N-functionalized pyridazinones as valuable intermediates providing proficient access to important pharmaceutical building blocks. Regioselective hydrofunctionalization of easily accessible internal alkynes were utilized for the rhodium catalyzed allylation of azlactone derivatives to synthesize biologically and synthetically important 2-allyl-3-oxazolin-5-ones moieties in highly regioselective manner. Reaction conditions optimizations and ligand screenings for the current reaction led us to explore [{Rh(cod)Cl}2] and DPEphos catalyst system leading to 2allyl-3-oxazolin-5-one in highly regioselective manner. This newly developed protocol provides an example of cascade reaction involving aza-Cope rearrangement which extended further to a triple domino reaction sequence by combining it with in situ generation of azlactone formation from the corresponding N-acylamino acid precursors. Exploring the synthetic utility and scope of the investigated hydrocarbonation methodology led to the de novo synthesis of structurally appealing trisubstituted pyridine with the variety of aryl substituents in controllable fashion. Thus making a perfect cascade type sequence involving azlactone formation/ azlactone-allylation, aza-Cope rearrangement and microwave assisted thermolysis to obtained trisubstituted pyridines. The investigated reaction presents a concise and flexible approach for the regioselective synthesis of allylated azlactone moieties as well as trisubstituted pyridines. Pd-PEPPSI catalyzed cross coupling strategy was investigated for the BuchwaldHartwig amination of azole-based heterocycles moieties. Pd-PEPPSI precatalysts were utilized to cross couple azole derivatives with the diverse range of functionalized anilines and aliphatic amines to synthesized respective heteroaryl/aryl-alkyl amines. A range of structurally intriguing drug-like aromatic amines was synthesized utilizing both electron-deficient and electron-rich anilines, cross coupled with thiazole and oxazole based heteroaryl bromide moieties in excellent yields. Utilization of PdPEPPSI mediated amination protocol permitted an efficient, simple and elegant approach to synthesize a diverse range of thiazole and oxazole amines which could present highly active biological entities as well as may serve as precursors for drug synthesis.