النظرية الدينية لفکر الإرهاب الدولي في ضوء السيرة النبوية

It is an undoubted fact that terrorism has nothing to do with Islam. All teachings of the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) are contrary to any kind of extremism, radicalization and terrorism. Although the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) and his Companions faced injustice, persecution and terrorism directly by the disbelievers of Mecca and were forced to leave their homeland, yet, they always treated very peacefully and never demonstrated any kind of extremism. When the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) established the first state of Islam in Medina, it faced many atrocities and conspiracies by its enemies, but Muslims never chose the path of injustice and terrorism even against its worst enemies. Muslims always preferred peace treaties and covenants with everyone, so that people can live peacefully. The life of the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) is a practical model of moderation, integration and harmony. In this article, we will shed light on the religious view of international terrorism in the light of the Prophet’s biography. Starting with the detailed definition of terrorism, we will discuss this word from a political perspective also. Then we will move towards the international scenario and would point out that how some countries are committing the phenomenon of terrorism to achieve their goals. In the end, we will give some examples from the Prophet’s biography to address the phenomenon of terrorism, extremism, and to establish the atmosphere of tolerance and harmony. We will also discuss that how Islamic state faced international terrorism by Meccans and some tribes, and how Muslims countered it in a peaceful way. Then we will discuss that terrorism has nothing to do with Islam, nor with the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him). Those who use the name of Islam to spread extremism and terrorism, have nothing to do with Islam. Islam does not allow anyone to commit any kind of terrorism. Some Qur’anic rulings will also be presented to highlight the promotion of virtue and the prevention of vice, and the political and democratic struggle against injustice and oppression

Grade Ten Students Attitude Towards Mathematics: A Study from Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan

Students' attitude towards a particular discipline including mathematics plays an important role in their learning and academic performance. Keeping in consideration the importance of this important precursor of learning the current study aimed to gauge grade ten students' attitude towards mathematics in selected schools of district Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan. Furthermore, this study explored the differences in attitude towards mathematics across gender and academic disciplines (i.e., science and arts). A total 0[300 students (males 163, females 137) were recruited from five government schools to represent both boys and girls in the study. Of the 300 students, 201 were enrolled in the science academic discipline and 99 represented the arts academic discipline. Data were collected through a 5-point scale i.e., Mathematics Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ), using cross-sectional survey design. Data were analyzed using non-parametric version of independent t-test (i.e., Marin-Whitney). Results of this study indicate that grade ten students from public sector schools of district Ghizer, irrespective of gender and academic discipline, demonstrated positive attitude towards mathematics. Analysis at construct level revealed that among the four constructs, students' attitude towards 'usefulness of mathematics' was the highest followed by 'perception about teacher', 'confidence about mathematics' and' mathematics as a male domain ', Gender comparison revealed that, the female students significantly exhibited a more positive attitude towards mathematics than their male counterparts (p