میرے دل پر وہ نئے زخم لگانے آئے
جب بھی آئے ہیں وہ احسان جتانے آئے
یاد پھر مجھ کو وہ بھولی ہوئی باتیں آئیں
یاد پھر مجھ کو وہ بچپن کے زمانے آئے
پوری خواہش نہ ہوئی، دل میں یہ حسرت ہی رہی
ہم جو روٹھیں تو کوئی ہم کو منانے آئے
جانے کیوں پھر ہے طبیعت مری بوجھل بوجھل
چین کیوں پھر نہ مرے دل کو نہ جانے آئے
کیوں یہ احساس مجھے ہونے لگا ہے تائبؔ
جیسے ہم دنیا میں ہیں رنج اٹھانے آئے
Imbibing reading habits is an essential skill necessary in the acquisition of knowledge, which is highly demanding in the life of every student in the academic environment. However, as modern technological resources keep on advancing, the reading habits of students are also changing with reading on screen. This study examined the reading habits of college sophomore students as affected by technological resources. The survey instruments, distributed to 254 college sophomore students at the Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College, allowed the respondents to assess their reading habits in terms of reading hours, reading purposes, reading content, and reading attitude, with the technological resources as their tool. The data gathered in the study was analyzed statistically using the simple frequency count and percentage, mean, and Pearson correlation. The findings revealed that the college sophomores achieved an average level in their English subjects. In addition, it was found that the technology resources were moderately adequate to be used for reading among the college sophomores. Despite this, the results still showed that college sophomore students spent 2-3 hours a day reading, primarily in preparation for their exams. In addition, they read the available reading content moderately often, and they perceive a positive attitude towards the use of technological resources for reading. Furthermore, it was revealed that there is a significant relationship between reading habits and academic achievements. The study's findings will be used to improve instructional approaches and to launch e-reading initiatives in colleges.
The Relationship Between Corporate Governance and Firm Value: Role of Discretionary Earnings Management Corporate governance practices help in enhancing firm value by effectively monitoring the managerial decisions as well as reducing the level of information asymmetry and agency problem between empowered managers and dispersed minority shareholders. The present study investigates the relationship between corporate governance and firm value for the developing economy of Pakistan. The study has also taken into consideration the moderating role of discretionary earnings management in corporate governance-firm value relationship, which is considered to be a relatively ignored research issue in corporate finance literature. In addition to focusing on individual mechanisms of corporate governance (i.e. audit, board, compensation, ownership), the present study has also constructed a composite corporate governance index to investigate the role of effective corporate governance in mitigating earnings management and enhancing firm value. The data of 208 firms listed at Karachi Stock Exchange for a time period of 2004- 2011 has been used for analysis and accounting, market and economic measures of performance have been used as firm value. The study finds that corporate governance plays a vital role in enhancing firm value in long as well as short run. Constitution of internal audit committees as an effective internal audit system is essential for the enriched progress of a firm. The monetary incentives and compensation paid to the top executives motivates them to work in the best interests of the company which increases not only short term accounting value of firm but also long term market and economic value. The findings reveal that discretionary earnings management practices by corporate managers damage the firm value in long term and it could be mitigated by effective corporate governance mechanisms. Moreover, this value damaging role of discretionary earnings management negatively moderates between effective corporate governance and firm value. Firms with earnings manipulation weakens the impact of effectiveness of governance system and leads to lower firm value. Finally, the study suggests some practical implications based upon the findings for investors, policy makers and manager.