پروفیسر مارگولیوتھ
انگلستان کے مشہور مستشرق پروفیسر مارگولیوتھ نے ۸۲ برس کی عمر میں وفات پائی، یہ نسلاً یہودی تھے، پھر عیسائی ہوگئے تھے، اس سے ظاہر ہے کہ ان کو اسلام اور پیغمبر اسلام علیہ السلام سے اکہری نہیں بلکہ دوہری عداوت تھی، ان کی عمر بھر کا سرمایہ اسلام پر مہذب غارت گری ہے، اور یہی سبب ہے کہ خود یورپ کے سنجیدہ طبقہ میں بھی وہ احترام کی نظر سے نہیں دیکھے گئے، ان کی سب سے بڑی کتاب آنحضرتﷺ کی سیرت ہے جس کو دیکھ کر مولانا شبلی مرحوم بے چین ہوگئے تھے، اور اپنی سیرت نبویؐ کی اسکیم کی بنیاد ڈالی تھی، جس نے بحمداﷲ کہ ملک میں سیرت پاک کی تالیف و نشرو اشاعت کا ذوق عام کردیا۔
عدو شود سببِ خیر گر خدا خواہد
پروفیسر صاحب جب ۱۹۱۶ء میں ہندوستان آئے تھے تو ان سے لکھنؤ میں ملاقات ہوئی تھی، پھر ۱۹۲۰ء کے سفر لندن میں ان سے ملنے اور خط و کتابت کرنے کا اتفاق ہوا۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، مارچ ۱۹۴۰ء)
The discipline of Hadith Studies is one of the richest and exclusive disciplines of knowledge as its branches extend to hundred. The religious scholars had written thousands monographs concerning Hadith interpretations and explana-tions. Many voluminous works appeared and exist and each of them is a commendable contribution to Hadith explanations. One of significant works on Hadith explanations is “Takmila Fath al-Mulhim” that is the result of scholastic efforts of many years by Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani. This explanation of Hadith Book Muslim was originated and finished till the “section of Marriage” by Allama Shabbir Ahmad Usmani but he could not extend to it to the last chapter due to his political engagements and later his demise closed the chapter. Molana Muhammad Taqi Usmani completed the remaining works in 18 years & 9 months. His method of interpretation is to decipher complicated, manifold and exotic words at first as the words plays key role in authentication and validity of any connotation. He provides detailed information regarding literal and lexical meaning of a word and then with proper justification and reasoning, he gives preference to someone. He also narrates variation and diversity of meaning attached to any word and proves his standpoint about meanings with allied arguments. This article analyses his method with examples and implications.
SMEs occupy an important place in economic growth and equitable development in all countries. Constituting as high as 99% of enterprises, SMEs contribute to the growth of the national economy through employment creation, investments and exports. While SMEs provide more than 80% of industrial jobs in Pakistan, man- ufacturing SMEs have shown an dismal growth profile. The manufacturing sector, except the textiles, that has not performed well in exports since the 1960s, is now being challenged in the home markets as well. While SMEs are considered inherently resource constrained around the world, thus unable to invest in business development initiatives, the SMEs in Pakistan present an extreme case where an average SME has 1300% less turnover compared to an average EU SME, thus is much weaker. With widely known and accepted infrastruc- tural and policy limitations which inhibit SMEs in Pakistan from growing to their full potential, Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) has tremendous potential to offer al- ternate solutions for SME growth. If integrated successfully in the upstream supply chains of larger businesses, SMEs can improve their quality and quality management practices through effective supplier development by larger businesses. Such supplier development is of-course a win-for-all solution, since in today’s business environ- ment of focusing on core competencies, only well performing suppliers can ensure that the large businesses perform well. This thesis attempts to demystify the supply chain networks in a high context econ- omy like Pakistan, using the strengths of these networks to accelerate the positive diffusion of quality management practices. It attempts to develop the understand- ing of Pakistan’s business culture along-with examining the current health of quality management and supplier development activities in Pakistan through empirical re- search. All results have been consolidated through triangulations employing case studies, structured interviews and surveys. Based on this knowledge, the thesis in- vestigates the determinants of the diffusion of practices from buyers to suppliers. Developing the knowledge of these determinants can form a basis of manufacturing sector SMEs development in Pakistan by exploiting the strengths of Pakistan’s so- cial and business culture. Based on the results, the thesis offers a consolidated set of recommendations, which if employed could potentially bring about the revitalization of the manufacturing sector of Pakistan.