ماحولیاتی و موسمیاتی تغیرات سے متعلق عوامی ذمہ داریاں اور آگہی ( سیرت النبیﷺ کی روشنی میں) Public Responsibilities and Awareness Regarding the Environmental and Climate Changes (In the light of the Prophet's life)

Allah has made the man as his caliph on earth and created the natural resources of the universe for the sake of human beings. Due to advancement of industrialization the natural resources and environment have been threatened while the environmental pollution has become an international challenge in modern times. Some of the guiding principles mentioned in the Sirat-un-Nabiﷺ are helpful in basic guidance of humanity, such as the prohibition of extravagance and oppression, the gratitude for divine blessings, the observance of the rights of worship, and so on. However, there are certain rules and decrees that provide specific guidelines for the protection and proper use of certain natural resources, such as water, trees, agriculture, forests, wind, etc. That some of them have been ordered to perform their duties, Such as the commands to plant trees, to keep water clean, to cultivate, to raise animals and to be gentle with them, etc. Such as prohibitions of cutting down trees unnecessarily, of polluting water, of spoiling fields, and the prohibition of cruelty to animals, etc. In this study, these demands have been explained in some detail in the light of Quran and Hadiths. Key Words: Environment, Pollution, Responsibilities, Sirat -un-Nabiﷺ

Development of Competency Based Model for Teaching of English at B. Ed. Level

Thesis Title: Development of Competency Based Model for Teaching English at B.Ed. Level This research was planned to develop a competency based model to teach English at B.Ed. level. It also aimed to explore 1) the extent to which the teaching of English in Government Colleges for Elementary teachers (GCETs) of Punjab was competency based 2) Student’s attitude towards competency based teaching of English or competency based teaching methods 3) the level of student’s interest in competency based teaching learning process 4) the impact of such demographic variables as gender, professional qualification, teaching experience and area of locality on the use of competency teaching methods. The study of the impact of demographic variables (gender, professional qualification, teaching experience, area of locality) was undertaken to explore the deficiencies caused by them so that steps for improvement could be suggested. The model development process had been completed with the help of review of literature and findings of the study. The researcher had based her approach on a combination of competency based teaching approaches specifically those of Richards (1985), Norton (1987), Joyce (1992) and Sahur & Gupta (1994). The design of research was quantitative descriptive research. The developed competency based model would thus help the teachers to improve their teaching learning process (particularly to teach the subject of English). The developed model thus had been purpose-based and the study had been significant in enhancing the pedagogical skills of language teacher trainers who would in turn impart these skills to future school teachers. The ultimate benefit would thus go to the students (from primary to secondary school level).