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Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Some New N-Dimethylphenyl Triazoles and Thiadiazoles

Thesis Info

Author

Imtiaz Khan

Department

Deptt. of Chemistry, QAU.

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xi,110

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Phil CHE/867

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676716346637

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83. Al-Mutaffifin/The Defrauders

83. Al-Mutaffifin/The Defrauders

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

83:01
a. Woe to the defrauders,

83:02
a. those who take full measure when they measure against the people,

83:03
a. yet whenever it would be giving the right of others, they reduce the measure for themselves or weigh for themselves.

83:04
a. Do they not realize that they will be resurrected from their graves and held accountable for their cheating -

83:05
a. - during an Awful Time,

83:06
a. - the Time when everyone – all humankind - will stand accountable before Rabb - The Lord of all existence?

83:07
a. They think all will be equal at the Time of Final Judgment.
b. Not at all!
c. The book/record of deeds of the sinful will be preserved in Sijjeen.

83:08
a. And what may enable you to perceive Sijjeen?

83:09
a. It will be repository of a written book.

83:10
a. Woe, that Time, to those who belie -

83:11
a. those who belie persistently the truth of the Time of Final Judgment.

Surah 83 * Al-Mutaffifin 721

83:12
a. And no one can deny it, except every transgressor and sinful.

83:13
a. Whenever OUR Messages from The Qur’an are read out to him, he would rebuke:
b. ‘Fictional tales of an ancient people!’

83:14
a. Of course not!
b. Rather what they have earned has covered their hearts like rust.

Impacts of Psychological and Domestic Violence On Women in Pakistan: Problems & Solutions in the Light of Islamic Teachings

Since the creation of woman, she faces many problems in her life. Different societies have their own customs and traditions. And woman faces problems regarding them. Pakistani society has its own influence and civilization which causes many problems of women. In these traditions, one of the bad behaviors is, marriage of woman on wrong time i.e. Late marriage or early time marriage. In the result, at least, she faces Problems regarding dowry, Joint family system, Family disintegration, Childlessness, Propensity to violence, Effects of husband remaining alone from wife etc. On the basis of social divisions in Pakistani family system and depiction of woman issues having effects on herself, the significant and their mediation is very necessary, too. Many of these problems has Psychological impacts on woman in her domestic life. In Pakistani society where woman faces domestic and family problems, there economic problems too pester her which include greed for riches and lack of them both pester her psychologically. In this paper, above mentioned problems of women in Pakistani society has been discussed in the light of Islamic teachings.

Molecular Studies on Major Potyviruses Infecting Tomato and Chilli Crops in Pakistan

Tomato and chilli are economically important crops of Pakistan. Both of these are necessary part of our daily diet in the form of vegetables, salad and other culinary uses. Among biotic factors, the viruses are considered as substantial limiting factors reducing yield and deteriorating quality and quantity of tomato and chilli crops. The potyviruses like Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), Pepper vein banding virus (PVBV) and Tobacco etch virus (TEV) have been reported as tremendous threats to the production of these crops worldwide including Pakistan. Management of plant viruses depends upon rapid and specific detection and identification, which is mostly facilitated by molecular techniques like PCR/RT-PCR/NA hybridization. The Molecular data on native Pakistani solanacious potyviruses was scare and their genetic variability was unknown. So the present research was conducted to determine the incidence, distribution and genetic variability based on molecular characterization of Pakistani solanaceous Potyviruses. A total of 2423 tomato and chilli leaf samples from 16 tomato and chilli growing districts viz; Badin, Thatta, Umerkot, Hyderabad, Tandu Allayar, Bahawalpur, Multan, Lodhran, Muzafargarh, Faisalabad, Vehari, Rawalpindi, Attock, Chakwal, Sialkot, Sheikupura, Karak and Loralai were collected in 2013-2014, of which only 920 samples were positive for potyviruses by PTA ELISA. Of these positive samples, the ChiVMV, PVY and ChiRSV were detected in 526, 323 and 71 samples respectively. The overall incidence of Potyvirus, ChiVMV, PVY and ChiRSV was recorded as 38%, 21.7%, 13.33% and 0.3% respectively. 20 The co-infections of ChiVMV and PVY was detected in 29 tomato samples and 31 chilli samples. While, co-infection of ChiVMV and ChiRSV and of ChiRSV and PVY in 18 and 24 chilli samples respectively. The highest incidence was recorded from Lodhran, Multan, Bahawalpur and Rawalpindi districts and the lowest from Karak, Loralai, Sheikhupura and Mansehra districts. The sequences of five ChiVMV, three PVY and 2 ChiRSV isolates were submitted to genbank. The Pakistani isolates of ChiVMV shared nucleotide identities of 90-97.5% with each other and 82.4-90.5% with other ChiVMV isolates. The nucleotide sequences of PVY isolates were 98.699.1% to each other and 98.2-99% with other PVY isolates. The ChiRSV isolates were 98.4% identical to each other, while they shared 92.6-98.1% identities with other ChiRSV isolates. The Pakistani isolates of ChiVMV clustered and shared maximum nucleotide identities with Indian isolates, while PVY and ChiRSV with chines isolates.