رحمۃ للعالمينﷺ کے غیر مسلموں سے معاملات قرآن و سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں

Dealings of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) with non-Muslim show that Islam is the religion of peace, brotherhood, religious tolerance, independence and humanity. Before the spread of Islam the conversations and dealings of the Holy Prophet with non-Muslims forced them to call him Al-Sadiq and Al-Ameen. Sympathy and tolerance in clandestine and public preaching, the style of letters to non-Muslim empires, the dialogues with non-Muslim delegations in Madani era, the orders given for the safety of their wealth, belongings and their life, the tolerance, forgiveness and prayers for the enemies, the good behavior with the non-Muslim prisoners, even when Muslims got dominance over non-Muslims at the time of the conquest of Makkah, the common pardon given by Holy Prophet (S.A.W) are the true example that Islam preaches peace. The attitude of Sahaba-e-Karam (R.A) and the liberty of rights given to Non-Muslims by them- no religion and no community of the World can give this example. The people responsible for maintaining the peace of the world and brotherhood should see how Muslims are treated all over the world? Muslims had given to non-Muslim permission to practice their religious festivities freely and even to wear any type of clothes. The ban of Hijab in France, the punishment of innocent Dr. Afia Siddiqui, the Egyptian pregnant woman (Marwa Sharbeney) had been mercilessly assassinated and her husband injured by knives in the court of Germany because of Hijab, the discussions going on to restrict the domes of Mosques and Adhan (Call to prayer) in Switzerland, the insult of the Holy Quran by Pope Terry John, of Florida, the disrespect of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) etc are the questions awaiting answers from West and United Nation. Islam promotes of peace, equality and religious freedom. It also invites non-Muslims to come and sit on a platform and discuss these problems for the sake of worldly peace to end the religious hatred and to form true peace in the world.

Dihydropyrimidines As Potential Drug Candidates, Design, Synthesis, Bioevaluation and Computational Studies

Present work refers to the design, synthesis, bioevaluation and computational studies of multifunctionalized dihydropyrimidines (DHPMs) known to possess immense pharmacological activities. A series of DHPM derivatives were synthesized by different strategies. In the first strategy, one pot Biginelli reaction was carried out using three building blocks (i.e. aryl aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and diamino compounds). Hence three different types of DHPMs namely 4-aryl-3,4- dihydropyrimidine-2-ones (1-44), 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thiones (45-69) and 2-amino-1,4-DHPMs (70-79) were synthesized. Through this strategy diversity was introduced at N1, C2, C4, C5 and C6 positions of pyrimidine nucleus. Moreover, keeping in view the difficulties during the synthesis of DHPM via Biginelli three component reaction, the conditions were optimized by doing these reactions through different modes such as sonication, microwave irradiation, as well as through conventional heating. Excellent yields without any side products were obtained under mild reaction conditions under sonication using a cheap catalyst i.e. SnCl 2 . Based on a simple nucleophilic displacement scheme, another set of 2-aminopyrimidines (83-87) was also synthesized. The second strategy involved modification of different functionalities of DHPM nucleus synthesized previously through one pot strategy. This led to introduction of different diversity elements farther at C5 and C6 positions leading to pyrimidines 88-92. Besides synthesizing a variety of pyrimidines, partial synthesis of ispinesib (a well known KSP inhibitor) was carried out via two routes with a view to optimize the reaction conditions and yield of the rate limiting step each of the two synthetic strategies. Since the synthesized dihydropyrimidines are anticipated to have important pharmacological properties, therefore, all these compounds were subjected to in vitro screening for studying their potential as urease inhibitors, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors, potato disc tumor inhibitors and as antiglycation agents. Compound 53 was found to have very strong potential as urease inhibitor and may serve as a lead for developing into antiulcer drug. iiiIn silico studies were also carried out on the most active compounds identified in different bioassays by doing molecular docking and pharmacophore matching. Furthermore, in silico designing of DHPM based KSP, urease and thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors was carried out with a view to develop novel KSP, urease and TP inhibitors.