حافظ ہدایت حسین ؍ علامہ راشد الخیری ؍ مولانا شیر علی
میری علالت کے زمانہ میں ملک و ملت کی کئی نامور ہستیوں نے اس دنیائے فانی کو الوداع کہا حافظ ہدایت حسین صاحب مرحوم اس صوبہ کے مسلمانوں کی بڑی دولت تھے، اس دولت کا چھن جانا ہماری سب سے بڑی محرومی ہے، دلی کے پایہ تخت کی بھی ایک یادگار مٹ گئی، یہ مولانا راشد الخیری کی ذات تھی، جس نے اپنی ساری عمر مسلمان عورتوں کی علمی و ادبی و تعلیمی خدمت گزاری میں بسر کردی، دکن کے خزانہ کا بھی ایک قیمتی ہیرا گم ہوگیا، یعنی مولانا شیر علی صاحب سابق مدرس اعلیٰ دارالعلوم ندوہ و سابق استاد کلام جامعہ عثمانیہ نے وفات پائی، مرنے والے مرگئے، مگر ان کے کارنامے دنیا میں یادگار رہ گئے۔
از صدائے سخن عشق ندیدم خوشت
یادگارے کہ دریں گنبد دوار بماند
)(سید سلیمان ندوی، اپریل ۱۹۳۶ء)
In this paper, the question of the participation of the resident Muslim in the foreign countries in politics and its rulings and the statement of some issues that are presented to the Muslim, such as: to elect, run or participate in political parties and other issues related to this topic. And also, tried to study the views of the scholars, and presented them and their attitudes, evidence in them, compared with them. The modern world has witnessed phenomena, which is not hidden to every sane person, which was, the Muslim participation in the political activities in the non-Muslim countries. The importance of this research paper is clear because it reveals the meaning of the political concept in the Holy Quran and prophetic tradition, which made the researcher in the attempt to legalize the matter in this regard and to summarize the statements of ancient and contemporary scholars based on their arguments and evidences. The study concluded That the participation in politics activities non-Muslims societies does not fall within the scope of the doctrine originally, since no one doubts in the doctrine of Muslims that it is not permissible to resort to the tyrant and not to judge except with Allah almighty revealed rules and regulations, and when this doctrine disappears or enter doubt of any act of apostasy and disbelief, which is not satisfied by any sound Muslim at this very moment that falls into haram category. At the end conclusion is drawn from variant views of the scholars, and the main findings and recommendations have been given.
In the present study, monometallic, homo- and heterobimetallic complexes containing tin(IV), tin(IV)-tin(IV) and tin(IV)-palladium(II), respectively with various [O,O], [O,S] and [S,S] donor ligands have been synthesized. The ligands used were 3-[4-(2hydroxyethyl)phenylamido] propenoic acid (HL1), 3-[IH-indazolyl-6-amido]propenoic acid (HL2), 3-[5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amido]propenoic acid (HL3), 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenylamido]propanoic acid (HL4), 3-[5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amido]propanoic acid (HL5), 2-[IH-indazolyl-6-amido]benzoic acid (HL6), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole,5-carboxylic acid (HL7), 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (HL8), 2-mercapto-5-methyl benzimidazole (HL9), 5-amino3H-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (HL10). The free ligands or their salts were treated with organotin chlorides and/or palladium chloride in methanol/water to synthesize the complexes 1-84. The purity of the products was tested using TLC. The coordination mode of ligands, structural confirmation and geometry assignment of the complexes both in solid and solution states were made, using different analytical techniques such as elemental analysis, IR, UV visible spectroscopy, NMR (1H, 13C), mass spectrometry and X-ray single crystal analysis. IR data suggested a bidentate bonding of the carboxylate (COO−) and dithiocarbamate moieties (CSS−) with few exceptions of monodentate bonding. The triorganotin(IV) complexes exhibited polymeric trigonal bipyramidal geometry in solid state while monomeric tetrahedral geometry in solution state. The chlorodiorganotin(IV) carboxylates/thiocarbamates showed trigonal bipyramidal environment around tin(IV) both in solid and solution state. Spectroscopic data supported the tetrahedral geometry both in chlorodi- and triorganotin(IV) complexes with thiol donor site (-SH) of the ligands. UVvisible absorption data demonstrated a square planar geometry around Pd(II). The mass (EIMS) fragmentation pattern agreed well with the molecular skeleton of the investigated complexes. The synthesized complexes were also screened for their biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxicity. The results showed that triorganotin(IV) complexes exhibited more bactericidal, fungicidal and cytotoxic effects than diorganotin(IV) complexes. The synthesized complexes possessed hemolytic activities sufficiently lower as compared to triton X-100 and higher than PBS.