Desain didaktis berbasis Permainan Tradisional Engklek di Sekolah Dasar

Abstract This research motivated by the findings of learning obstacles experienced students in material around square. This is known based on the results of  test questions conducted during preliminary study to fourth grade elementary school students. To overcome  learning obstacles experienced by students, researchers will design a didactic design. The purpose of this study is to describe the didactic design on the material around square and describe the students' responses the implementation of didactic design. The didactic design can be interpreted  learning design that emphasizes the didactic aspect, namely the teacher's teaching method. This study uses method with a Didactical Design Research (DDR) research design consisting of three research stages, namely a prospective analysis of the didactic situation before learning (prospective analysis) in the form of a Hypothetical Didactic Design including ADP (Pedagogical Didactic Analysis), metapedadidactive analysis, and retrospective analysis (retrospective analysis), with data collection techniques used in the form of interviews, observations, and attitude scales. The research subjects were 26 students in grades IV and VI and 1 teacher for grade IV at SDN 1 Sindangrasa. Based on results of study, through application of the didactic design carried out in stages I and II,   can help overcome learning obstacles experienced by students in the material around a square. This is shown from the students' responses on the attitude scale, results of the LAS (Student Activity Sheet) work and interviews with teachers. In addition,   didactic design is able to create a fun and meaningful learning atmosphere for students. Keywords: learning obstacle, didactical design research, square, meaningful learning, LAS Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya temuan learning obstacle  yang dialami siswa pada materi keliling persegi. Hal ini diketahui berdasarkan hasil soal tes yang dilakukan pada saat studi pendahuluan kepada siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Untuk mengatasi learning obstacle yang dialami siswa, peneliti akan merancang sebuah desain didaktis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan desain didaktis pada materi keliling persegi serta memaparkan respon siswa dan guru terhadap implementasi desain didaktis tersebut. Desain didaktis dapat diartikan sebagai desain pembelajaran yang lebih menekankan pada aspek didaktik yakni cara pengajaran guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Didactical Design Research (DDR) yang terdiri dari tiga tahap penelitian, yakni analisis situasi didaktis sebelum pembelajaran (prospective analysis) berupa Desain Didaktis Hipotesis termasuk ADP (Analisis Didaktis Pedagogis), analisis metapedadidaktif, dan analisis retrospektif (retrospective analysis), dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa wawancara, observasi, dan skala sikap. Subjek penelitian yaitu 26 siswa kelas IV dan VI serta 1 guru kelas IV SDN 1 Sindangrasa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, melalui penerapan desain didaktis yang dilakukan pada tahap I dan II dapat membantu mengatasi learning obstacle yang dialami siswa pada materi keliling persegi. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari respon siswa pada skala sikap, hasil pengerjaan LAS (Lembar Aktivitas Siswa) serta wawancara terhadap guru. Selain itu, desain didaktis mampu menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dan bermakna bagi siswa.  Kata kunci : hambatan belajar, desain didaktis, persegi, pembelajaran bermakna, LAS

An Exploration of Teachers Own Classroom Assessment With Reference to the Framework of Aku Eb Assessment and Students Perceptions of Teachers Assessment and Examination Board Assessment

This study aims to explore teachers' own classroom assessment with reference to the framework of AKU EB assessment and students' perceptions of teachers' assessment and examination board assessment. The teachers' and students' perceptions of classroom assessments and exam board annual assessment have been explored through questionnaire survey. Simultaneously, the document analysis of teachers' classroom assessment papers and the exam board annual assessment papers in English and Mathematics has also been carried out as these two subjects were the main focus of this research study. The samples were selected from three AKU-EB affiliated schools of district Hyderabad. The purposeful or purposive sampling method was used to gather meaningful data with the total of 160 research participants including 26 teachers and 134 students from all three schools. All research participants were requested to fill in the questionnaires, one for teachers and the other for students. Data were analysed by using SPSS to compute the percentages of the responses, the mean scores of all items and the pair t-tests for few items of teachers' and students' questionnaires. The results were later transformed into MS-Excel for further tabulations. The main findings of teachers' questionnaire are: their classroom assessment mainly focused on improving, enhancing, and monitoring students' learning. Teachers felt that their assessment motivated students by awarding them with grades and marks. There were differences between their perceptions of classroom assessment skills and the usage of the skills in their classroom practices, for example in designing essay type of questions, and in communicating students' results with parents and the school management. The main findings of students' questionnaire are: there were significant differences between students' perceptions of teachers' classroom assessments and the exam board annual assessment in terms of the levels of difficulty in the test items i.e. the types of MCQs, CRQs, and ERQs and the marks awarded from both assessments. Students felt that their school teachers mostly designed MCQs type of tests as compared to CRQs and ERQs.