43. Az-Zukhruf/Decoration of Gold
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
43:01
a. Ha. Mim.
43:02
a. By the Book of Divine Qur’an - clear in itself and clearly guiding to the truth.
43:03
a. Indeed, WE have made it a Qur’an in Arabic,
b. so that you may understand its meaning, comprehend its demands and live your lives accordingly.
43:04
a. And, indeed, this - The Divine Qur’an - is in the Mother of the Book with US -
b. it is truly exalted and full of wisdom.
43:05
a. O The Disbelievers!
b. Should WE withdraw the Reminder – The Divine Qur’an - from you just because you are a people gone beyond limits in its denial?
c. No. WE shall not!
43:06
a. And how many Prophets have WE assigned to the earlier people before you, O The Prophet!
43:07
a. Yet not one Prophet came to them whom they would not ridicule,
b. the same way people ridicule you and your message.
43:08
a. So WE destroyed those who were more powerful in prowess, strength, and might than them,
b. and thus they have become history.
43:09
a. And if indeed you were to ask them:
b. ‘Who created the celestial realm and the terrestrial world?’
c. They would surely answer:
d. ‘The Almighty, The All-Knowing created them.’
43:10
a. It is HE WHO made the earth a habitat for you, and
b. has set pathways within it for you so that you...
Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui: 1) konsep setting ruang bermain yang dapat menunjang kreativitas anak; 2) penataan ruang bermain yang dapat menunjang kreativitas anak yang sesuai dengan perkembangannya; 3) pengelolaan elemen fsik ruang bermain dalam mengembangkan kreativitas anak; 4) pola seting ruang bermain (indoor) yang dilakukan di dua tempat penitipan anak (TPA) besar di Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) bersifat deskriptif kualitatif non statistik dengan menggunakan studi kasus (case study). Data diperoleh melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis tringulasi Moleong, yakni tringulasi sumber, tringulasi dengan metode, dan tringulasi dengan teori. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua tempat peneitipan anak (TPA) besar yang ada di Yogyakarta yaitu Taman Pengasuhan Anak (TPA) Beringharjo dan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Terpadu Untuk Anak Usia Dini Tiara Candra. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa: 1) konsep setting ruang bermain yang pada setiap lembaga yaitu menggunakan konsep home schooling dengan beyound centre and circle times (BCCT). 2) penataan ruang bermain dengan menggunakan sistem pembelajaran berdasarkan BCCT dan sudut ruang bermain yang disesuaikan dengan peralatan dan sesuai dengan masa perkembangannya. 3) pengelolaan elemen fisik ruang bermain seperti pemilihan warna dan furniture disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan anak serta tidak mengandung bahan yang berbahaya. 4) pola setting ruang bermain ditata sesuai dengan konsep ruang bermain seperti yang telah diprogramkan. Kata kunci: Ruang Bermain, Anak Usia Dini, Kreativitas
Adaptive algorithms are mostly optimized using integer order derivatives for error minimization. The Least Mean Squares (LMS) and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) adaptive filters are among the most commonly employed schemes. The LMS algo rithm is simple to implement, has robust tracking performance in nonstationary environments and is less sensitive to floating point precision effects. However, it has the issue of slow convergence especially when the number of weights is large. The RLS achieves faster convergence but is computationally expensive, and prob lematic in nonstationary environments. This study introduces fractional calculus techniques in stochastic gradient algo rithms. In addition to first order derivative, Fractional Order (FO) derivatives are proposed in the optimization of gradient algorithms. Four configurations have been considered based on whether the fractional derivative is applied to the in stantaneous present or posterior error. For evaluation of the FO algorithms, three applications have been considered, that is, (a) adaptive equalization of multi path channels (b) Active Noise Control Systems (ANCS) and (c) tracking of time varying Rayleigh fading sequences. In equalization, both supervised and unsu pervised algorithms are considered. For the supervised case, FO variants of LMS and Normalized LMS (NLMS) are applied in both feed-forward and decision feed back configurations. In the unsupervised case, FO variants of Gordad and con stant modulus algorithms are developed. In ANCS, FO variants of the NLMS, Filtered-x (input) LMS, Modified FxLMS and Filtered-error LMS algorithms are developed. The noises are modelled as binary, Gaussian and impulsive sources characterized by fractional lower order moments. In tracking, the behavior of FO variants is evaluated for nonstationary environments. A Rayleigh channel has also been considered having Doppler frequency shifts of 0.8KHz to 3KHz. The frac tional algorithms are compared with the standard NLMS, RLS and Extended-RLS schemes. The main performance metrics include (1) mean squared error (2) mean squared deviation (3) relative modelling error (4) model accuracy using both frequency and time domain analysis and (5) symbol error rate. The former three performance metrics help compare the convergence speed and steady state performance; the latter two are application specific. Simulation results are shown for different step sizes and fractional orders. It is seen that the fractional variants show superior performance in all the three applications and hold great promise for future use.