بھٹو آج تک لوگوں کے دلوں میں کیوں زندہ ہے ؟وجہ
یہ ایک تاریخی تصویر ہے ۔ایک بوڑھا شخص 18اکتوبر 2007ء کو محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو شہید کے استقبال کے لیے کراچی ائیر پورٹ ننگے پائوں آ یا ۔اس نے وہاں موجود صحافیوں کو یہ تصویر دکھائی اور بتا یا کہ میں آج اس واقعے کو دہرانا چاہتا ہوں جب میں اس طرح شہید بھٹو سے ملنے ننگے پائوں گیا تھا کیونکہ میرے اس وقت پہننے کے لیے جوتے نہیں تھے ۔شہید بھٹو نے جب میری یہ حالت دیکھی تو انہوں نے مجھے اپنے گلے سے لگایا ۔میں نے ان کی آنکھوں میں بغور دیکھا تو وہ بھیگ چکی تھیں ۔انہوں نے مجھے کافی پیسے بھی اور جب میں واپس جائے لگا توشہید بھٹو اپنے جوتے اتار کے خود بھی ننگے پائوں میرے ساتھ کا فی دور تک چلے !
Bābā Farīd al-Dīn Ganj-i-Shakar, considered as the first Punjābī Sūfī poet, not only exercised his skill but also conveyed Qur’ānic and Prophetic (PBUH) message through his Punjābī poetry. His poetry is a rich source of Islamic teachings in lingua franca of the Punjab. The research intends to explore that whether the inclusion of his poetry in the Sikh scripture is recognition of Muslim mysticism or the poetry itself. The study attempts to examine the relation of the hymns of Bābā Ṣāhib with the teachings of Holy Qur’ān. Bābā Farīd, because of his high stature as an originator of Punjābī poetry, got a place in Granth Ṣāhib. The goal of this research is to highlight the pivotal position of Bābā Ṣāhib in connecting the two major religions of the world. The paper not only substantiates the historic position of Bābā Ṣāhib but also gives an insight to the services rendered by his poetry in promoting the interfaith harmony in the Sub-continent. This article focuses on Bābā Farīd as a literary and moral Canon, which led his work to be included in Sikh scripture. Moreover, it hints at the nuances of religious tolerance, mutual respect and love for knowledge, which lacks otherwise in a multi-religious society. In this article some of Bābā Ṣāhib’s verses in Granth Ṣāhib will be traced and analysed, taking into account their Qur’ānic interpretations. The comparative and somewhat historical approaches have been adopted to lay out a vivid analysis of his hymns in relation with the verses of the Holy Qur’ān and hence a message is extracted. Thus, he, evidently becoming part of one of the greatest anthologies of Punjābī poetry, attracted a huge outreach. The research question of this article is, whether the Holy Qur’ān is a basic source of Bābā Ṣāhib’s poetry or otherwise. It is strongly recommended that in order to attain actual harmony in our society, Bābā Ṣāhib’s work should be published in Shah-Mukhi script for the contemporary readership.
In legumes, phosphorus (P) is required in large amounts due to its role in supplying energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, nodulation and ultimately for biological nitrogen fixation. A series of pot and field experiments were conducted in order to study the impact of various combinations of rock phosphate (RP), compost and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) on nodulation, growth and yield of chickpea and lentil. Recommended dose of NPK fertilizers were used as control and N and K was used where P source was RP. Nodulation parameters regarding nodule number, fresh and dry weight of nodules were at flowering. Other growth and yield contributing parameters were taken at the harvest of the crops. Data collected was statistically analyzed using an appropriate statistical design i.e. completely randomized design (CRD) for pot experiments and randomized complete block design (RCBD) for field trials. The first study was conducted to find out the impact of phosphorus on nodulation, growth and allocation pattern of P in chickpea with and without rhizobia (Study 1). From the results, it was clear that ammonical form of nitrogen coming from the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) enhances more shoot growth as compared to that with nitrate form in the form of Ca(NO3)2. The impact of P was more pronounced with ammonical form of N compared to the nitrate form, which clearly showed that P has an impact on nodulation of chickpea and lentil. So a clear linear relationship between nodulation and the applied P was observed. After finding the impact of P on nodulation, we planned to find out the cheaper and sustainable sources of P by using a combination of rock phosphate, compost and bio-inoculants (PSMs). So another pot trial was conducted to find out the impact of impregnation of rock phosphate with compost and PSMs on nodulation, growth and yield of chickpea and lentil (Study 2). From the results, it was clear that in most of the parameters like that of nodulation, grain and biological yield, the combination of RP, compost and PSM2 performed better as compared to recommended NPK taken from chemical fertilizer. After finding the better performing combination of rock phosphate, compost and PSM2, we then started to optimize this mixture for impregnation ratio of rock phosphate and compost, time of application and the rate of application were evaluated in study 3, 4 and 5. In study 3, effect of different ratios of effective formulation of rock phosphate found in study 2 on nodulation, growth and yield of chickpea and lentil was checked. From the results, it was found that the impregnation ratio of 50:50 of rock phosphate and compost with PSM2 performed better in case of parameters including nodulation, grain and biological yield as compared to that observed in other ratios (0:100, 25:75, 75:25, 100:0). Effect of different application times of the effective formulations of rock phosphate with optimized ratio found in study 2 and 3 on nodulation, growth and yield of chickpea and lentil was checked in study 4 which showed that the time of application of seven days before sowing performed better in case of parameters including nodulation, grain and biological yield as compared to the other evaluated times of application (30, 15, 3, 0 days before sowing). In the final study, a field trial was conducted to find out the effect of different application rates of the effective formulations of rock phosphate with optimized ratio and time of application on nodulation, growth and yield of chickpea and lentil (Study 5). The results showed that the application rate of 800 kg ha-1 performed better in case of nodulation, grain and biological yield as compared to the other evaluated rates. In all the studies, NP contents of straw and grain were improved as compared to NPK (recommended) control. In conclusion, the rock phosphate enriched compost (RP-EC) with PSMs could serve as a cheaper and easily available source of P for improved nodulation growth and yield of chickpea and lentil.