مولانا عین القضاۃ
(عبدالسلام ندوی)
موجودہ زمانہ میں جبکہ علمی اور عملی دونوں حیثیتوں سے تصوف کی صورت بالکل مسخ ہوچکی ہے، اس سلسلے کے مشہور بزرگ مولانا عین القضاۃ صاحب کی وفات مسلمانوں کے لیے ایک سخت قومی مصیبت ہے۔
مولانائے مرحوم، مولانا عبدالحئی صاحب کے فرنگی محلی کے ارشد تلامذہ میں تھے، وہ تحصیل علم سے فارغ ہونے کے بعد انھی کے زمانہ میں مصروف درس و تدریس ہوگئے تھے اس زمانہ میں انھوں نے درس نظامیہ کی مشہور و متداول کتاب یبذی پر ایک نہایت مبسوط حاشیہ بھی لکھا تھا، جس میں مولانا عبدالحئی صاحب کے طرز تحریر کی وضاحت اور جامعیت پائی جاتی ہے لیکن اس کے بعد حلقہ ارادت میں شامل ہوکر علم و عمل کا بہترین نمونہ بن گئے اور تمام عمر نہایت زہد و توکل کے ساتھ بسر کردی۔
ان کی زندگی ہمارے فقراء و صوفیہ کے لئے اس حیثیت سے نہایت سبق آموز ہے کہ انھوں نے یہ زاہدانہ طرز معاشرت فقروفاقہ سے مجبور ہوکر نہیں اختیار کیا تھا، بلکہ کئی ہزار روپیہ ماہوار کے صرف سے ایک عظیم لشان مدرسہ قرآنیہ جاری کررکھا تھا، اور اس کے مصارف وہ خود اپنی جیب خاص سے بالکل نامعلوم طریقہ پر ادا فرماتے تھے، اس کے علاوہ سال میں ایک بار تمام شہر کو عام دعوت دیتے تھے، جس کا سلسلہ صبح سے شام تک قائم رہتا تھا۔
اب بعض لوگوں نے ان کی سوانح عمری لکھنے کا ارادہ کیا ہے، اور ہمیں توقع ہے کہ یہ کتاب جلد سے جلد شائع ہوکر ہمارے فقراء اور صوفیہ کے لئے موجب بصیرت ہوگی۔ ( فروری ۱۹۲۵ء)
Muḥadithīn have played a dynamic role in the preservation and compilation of Ḥadīth of the Prophet (SAW). Among them the contribution of Imam Bukhārī is unavoidable and remarkable in the field of Ḥadīth and its sciences. Since, he is known “Hafiz and Compiler” and considered as “Imam” and “authority” in the field of both higher and lower criticism. His book "Al-Tārīkh al Kabīr" (08 volumes) is considered as one of the ancient books in field of Ḥadīth and its sciences. This paper aims to describe the methodology of Imam Bukhārī in Al-Tārīkh al Kabīr. He described the biography of thirteen thousand seven hundred and seventy nine only (13779) in alphabetic order. Although his methodology was to mention names of the narrators alphabetically, but in respect with the Prophet (SAW), he gave place to eleven narrators among the companion whom names were started with the names of “Muhammad”. In the Methodology of Imam Bukhārī (RA), it is found that either the narrators are rejected or given authenticity, on the basis of not only his own examinations but he relied on the sayings of other Muḥadithīn as well. It is also pertinent to mention that he awarded degree to a little number of the narrators while left over most of the narrators undecided, because the main objective of the book was to portray the biographies of the narrators rather to make analysis of all the narrators.
Diallel analysis is a useful technique to study the inheritance pattern of traits. Eight wheat cultivars and their straight diallel crosses in F2 and F3 populations were studied for various traits at Agricultural University, Peshawar during 2006-2007 and 2007-08. The parent cultivars and their half diallel 28 F2 and F3 populations were planted in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Each entry was planted in four-row plot of five meter length with row to row space of 30 cm. Data for yield and its contributing traits were recorded on randomly selected ten plants in parent cultivars while 30 plants in F2 and F3 populations. Pooled analyses revealed significant differences for all traits in parent cultivars, F2 and F3 populations. Trend in heritability estimates and genetic advance for various traits were inconsistent in F2 versus F3 populations. Diallel analyses of F2 populations depicted significant variation for both additive and non-additive components for all traits except number of tillers in both years and thousand kernel weight during 2006-07. Dominance components b1 and b2 were significant for all traits. However, b2 value was non significant for number of tillers in both years and for spikelets spike-1 and thousand kernel weight only during 2006-07. The b3 component was significant for all traits except number of tillers, spikelets spike-1, biological yield and grain yield during 2006-07, and plant height, spike length and thousand kernel weight during 2007-08. Additive dominance model was partially adequate for all traits except number of tillers, thousand kernel weight and harvest index during 2006-07. The values of genetic components and Vr/Wr graph of F2 material suggested preponderance of non-additive gene action for all traits in both years except grain spike-1 during 2007-08. Average degree of dominance being greater than unity for all traits also suggested over dominance for controlling these traits. Significant GCA and SCA differences reflected important role of additive and non-additive gene actions in both years, however, higher magnitude of SCA variances indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action for all traits. None of the individual populations showed superiority for all traits, however, Iqbal-2000 x Ghaznavi-98 performed better for most of the traits in both generations. Based on mean perforamance,Tatara-96 and Ghaznavi-98 with early flowering and medium stature appeared better cultivars for yield and related traits, while Khattakwal and Margalla-99 being late maturing and tallest exhibited maximum mean values for tillers number, spike length and biological yield appeared as poorest. Similarly, Iqbal-2000 x Ghaznavi-98, Tatara-96 x Iqbal-2000, Wafaq-2001 x Iqbal-2000, Takbeer x Ghaznavi- 98, Wafaq-2001 x Ghaznavi-98 and Tatara-96 x Ghaznavi-98 were better performing populations in both generations.