سیرت نبوی ﷺ: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Prophet Hood consists of guidance from Allah to humankind. It is a Allah given blessing and a favor that is bestowed on an individual chosen be Him to convey His message, which cannot be acquired or earned otherwise. There has never been a human being so well-respected, loved and followed as Muhammad (SAW), the final messenger of Allah. There has never been a person who has changed world history so dramatically as Muhammad (SAW) and his message. The Prophet (SAW) was the single most important person in the history of the world. Knowledge of the Prophetic Biography is necessary for every Muslim and sharing it with everyone is a responsibility. The importance of a complete biography of the Messenger as available to us cannot be under estimated in this troubled time since both Muslims as well as Non-Muslims have serious knowledge gap when it comes to even approaching the nature of the Final Prophet and the Ultimate Messenger of God sent to all of humanity, who came to restore the primordial religion of Man, the submission to Allah and His Commands. Muhammad (SAW) serves as: - Allah’s messenger and prophet to all mankind as an example of human behavior and noble character Therefore, in studying his life-story we should derive lessons and morals that can help us in our lives today.

Similarity Identification and Measurement Between Two Web Ontologies

Nowadays, the web is the main collection of information resources but the retrieval of relevant and precise information from the web is a serious problem. The reason of this problem is the way web-contents are stored and formalized. With the realization of the ontology-based web, it is being tried to overcome this problem, but the ontologies may themselves suffer from heterogeneity when they are simultaneously used. Then, a need arises to identify and measure the similarity between concepts of those ontologies to overcome the said problem. Many investigators did work on this problem but still some issues need to be addressed. In this dissertation, a semi-automatic technique has been proposed for similarity identification and measurement between two web ontologies. The explicit semantics of concepts, in addition to their linguistic and taxonomic characteristics, is the key consideration and feature of the proposed technique. This proposed technique identifies all candidate pairs of similar concepts without omitting any similar-pair. The semantic relations and degree of similarity computed from new criteria, make the technique well-suited with the theme of semantic web. This technique can be used with different types of operations on ontology such as merging, mapping and aligning. We have implemented the proposed technique in Java, and validated it through different case studies. By comparing and analyzing the results of these case studies, a reasonable improvement in terms of completeness, correctness and overall quality of results, has been found.