Determinant Factors Affecting Intention of Child Marriage to Adolescents in Banggai Laut

This study aims to look at the determinant factors that affect the intense / intention to do child marriage to adolescents in Banggai Laut. This research method using a cross sectional study. The research sample consisted of 192 teenage students in SMA Negeri 1 Banggai and SMA Negeri 2 Banggai. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of attitude, family drive and behavior control on the intention to do child marriage (p <0.05). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there was only one variable that had a p value <0.05, namely the family drive variable with p = 0.029. From exp (B) = 4,871> 1 is a risk factor and the Cl value is 95% more than 1 (1,178-20,142) so that OR is significant. This means that respondents who are influenced by family encouragement have a risk of 4,871 times having the intention of engaging in child marriage. It can be concluded that there are many factors that can influence adolescents in engaging in child marriage. All levels of society should protect children together and stop the practice of child marriage in society. The smallest and closest family unit for the child should be able to protect it, not be the main factor that encourages underage marriage.

Diagnostic Potential of Indigenously Hyperproduced Urate Oxidase

The main purpose of this research work was to optimize the production of urate oxidase through mutagensis of Bacillus subtilis. The organism was subjected to ultra violet irradiation and chemical mutagenesis. Ethyle methane sulfonate treated B. subtilis (180 minutes) was proved to be the best for optimum production of urate oxidase by 3 log kill/survival curve. Fermentation medium was also optimized, it was found that substrate concentration (0.5%), fermentation period (36 h), pH (8.5), temperature (35 oC), yeast extract (0.3%) and sucrose (2%) enhanced the activity of the parent and mutant derived enzyme. The enzyme was purified by adopting different techniques i.e ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. It was observed that mutated enzyme exhibited 97.56 U/mg specific activity with 256.73 fold improvement. The purified urate oxidase was run on SDS-PAGE which determined a single band with molecular weight of 34 kDa. The purified BSM-2 possessed Km and V max value 0.067 M and 133.3 IU mg-1 min-1 respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for catalytic activity were 7.5 and 35oC respectively. The activation energy for formation of ES complex was 43.4 kJ/mol. Enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy of activation and Gibbs free energy demands for urate oxidase inactivation were 30.26 kJ/mol, -106.27 J mol-1 K-1, 62.99 kJ/mol respectively. Barium chloride, potassium cyanide and zinc sulfate decreased the activity of the enzyme. Whereas, sodium chloride (0.6M), potassium chloride (0.4M) and calcium chloride (0.4M) enhanced the enzymatic activity 123%, 117% and 119% respectively.