پاکستانی معاشرہ اور تعلیمات قرآنی میں بعد

In spite of the fact that Pakistan is an Islamic Republic, 97% of the population is Muslim and majority of it is considered sentimently staunch Muslims; it is a fact that society is not familiar and closely attached with Quranic injunctions. There are many reasons for that such as custom of teaching Quran Nazira (reciting Quran without understanding), Arabic language is not part of curriculum and when it is taught in DiniMadaris, it is taught in boring Grammar Method relying on memorization. Quran is not taught in modern schools, colleges and universities and lower social status of Quran teachers etc. It is absolutely necessary that teaching Quran with comprehension and understanding is given due importance by Ulama, governments and Muslim society at large. It should be made integral part of curriculum in modern schools and universities. Status of Quran/Arabic teachers should be elevated and Arabic language should be taught in an attractive method;  and other necessary measures are taken to make Quran ‘talk of the town’ so that every Muslim understands it and acts upon its injunctions.

اردو افسانہ اور آزادی اظہار کے مسائل

Urdu Short Stories and Freedom of Expression Freedom of expression is the main theme of this thesis which has been tried to be explored in its various forms in Urdu short stories. First chapter discusses definitions, ancient, modern and Islamic concepts of freedom of expression and limitations. A historical overview of freedom of expression along with restrictions imposed in various ages has been taken into account. People who lost their lives in their struggle for freedom of expression have also been discussed in this chapter. This chapter also includes discussion on Russian literature and banned works. Third chapter encompasses freedom of expression, restriction imposed by the state and Urdu short stories starting from Prem Chand and 'Angary' and continues with a discussion on works by progressive movement. During the army rules short story writers, playwrights, poets and authors were detained and exiled. Their jobs were terminated and they were imprisoned on different charges. Religious, gender, psychological and sexual issues and autonomy of opinion is the theme of fourth chapter. Though religion is the ultimate reality but the followers of religion create hindrances in the way of expressing feelings by imposing self-created restrictions. This issue has been discussed along with Pakistani society which is a male dominated society where emergence of such issues is an ancient concept. It was a matter of great concern for researcher to include a discussion on sexual and psychological issue to understand them and discuss ways and means of expressing such feelings in short stories. Fifth chapter discusses differences emerged from class-based society of sub-continent, feudalism, capitalism which resulted in confrontation between landowner and tenants, industrialists and workers. Restrictions surfaced from such issues were highlighted in short stories which make a part of discussion in this thesis. Last chapter presents a comprehensive analysis of freedom of expression in Urdu short stories.