تعمیر شخصیت كے ادراكی اور كرداری اجزاء

The day to day interaction amongst people plav a key role in shaping of a person's social character and persona. Indeed Qur’an and Hadith have treasured guidance regarding the social life of man - as to groom and equip mankind to lead a positive and constructive social life in an Islamic society sociology as a discipline of knowledge borrows its roots and furnishing from the five pillars of Islam. They strengthen a man's character inwardly and outwardly - so as to allow a man to lead a peaceful and prosperous life. Islam and the principles of Qur’an advocate a social life that keeps its balance between the material and the spiritual aspect of life. It furnishes man with such qualities that he is not only successful in this life but in hereafter as well. This article is an effort to probe the sociological perspective of Islamic teachings - and its impact upon a man's social life

Synthesis and Characterization of Polycrystalline Ferroelectric Bulk Ceramics

BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 ceramics were prepared through solid state sintering reaction. The studies were attempted at the phase pure and crack free preparation and electrical investigations of BaTiO3 ceramics with Ba/Ti molar ratio (0.98 and 0.94) and PbTiO3 ceramics (1.00, 0.98 and 0.94) Pb/Ti molar ratio in the wide range of temperatures (40–700°C) at 1kHz frequency of the ceramics perhaps for the first time. Studies were attempted to find the understanding of the conduction process and useful implementation of the controlling parameters. Thermogravimetric and Differential scanning calorimetric analysis (TGA-DSC) revealed melting temperatures, weight losses and variations in the enthalpy of crystallization of the as ground powders. Ceramics with all precursor composition were perovskite (ABO3), ferroelectric materials. Cubic structures (Pm-3m) and tetragonal (P4mmm, P4mm, P4MM) crystal structures were indicated. Curie temperature (Tc) increased from120-130°C with decreasing Ba/Ti contents. With Pb and Bi doping, Curie temperature (TC) was shifted from 120 -200°C and 120 -160°C respectively. Pb/Ti contents did shift the Curie temperature. Broad dielectric constant peaks and pronounced dielectric anomalies with relaxor like behavior were observed in the paraelectric regions. Resistivity decreased with increasing temperature, all specimens showed semiconductor behavior with negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (NTCR) characteristics. Mobility of electrons increased with thermal activation due to hopping of charge carriers from one site to another. Ohmic conductivities and associated activation energies were evaluated by impedance spectroscopy. Conductivity followed Arrhenius Law with Ea values lying in the range of single ionized and doubly ionized oxygen vacancies and Pb vacancies; ionic conduction was supposed to be responsible. Well defined hysteresis P-E loops under electric fields showed ferroelectric characteristics.