حدیثِ لولاک کا تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ A Research Review of the Hadith e Lawlāk

The importance and authenticity of the hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) in the Muhammadan Ummah is an undisputed fact. A large number of Muḥaddithīn and imams spent their lives in collecting and editing the hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) and compiled a collection of hadiths. These hadiths were classified according to their health and weakness. Due to the efforts of the imams, there are hadiths narrated from the Messenger of Allah on all sciences and knowledge and issues and rulings. Among them are Hadith Qudsī, Ma‘rūf, Mawkūf, Maktū‘, Saḥiḥ, Ḥasan Za‘īf and all other types of Hadith. The same Hadith e Qudsīyyah also includes a Hadith Lawlāk "لولاک" refers to those hadiths in which the Prophet ﷺ has been described as the cause of the creation of the universe and the origin of the universe. That is the hadith in which Allah Almighty has related the Prophet (PBUH) as the reason for creating the universe and its beings. However, the words of "Hadith e Lawlāk" The authenticity of the hadith has been made a subject of discussion. Some imams have declared this hadith to be weak and some have also said that it is valid. However, a large number of scholars have agreed on the authenticity of this hadith and the hadith has been declared correct in terms of meaning and has been recorded in the books of hadith, biographies and interpretations and other subject books. In the article under review, the sayings of Imams on the health and weakness of Hadith Lawlāk have been presented and research analysis of the said Hadith has been done through simulation and rational arguments.

Identification and in Silico Analysis of Genetic Polymorphisms in Gc & Vdr Genes in Vitamin D3 Deficient Pakistani Population

The sunshine vitamin is in the limelight for the last couple of years. Though Pakistan is located at favorable latitude and longitude yet vast majority of its people suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Calcium homeostasis, bone metabolism and many other functions of body are influenced by vitamin D. Nuclear vitamin D receptor and group specific vitamin D binding proteins are two important proteins play role in vitamin D metabolism and encoded by VDR and GC genes. There could be many reasons but in this study six single nucleotide polymorphisms in GC, VDR and CYP2R1 genes were looked into for their possible association with vitamin D deficiency. Blood samples of four hundred subjects were collected. Vitamin D and parathyroid harmone levels were calculated by chemiluminescence method. DNA extraction was carried out by phenolchloroform method. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of DNA was carried out on agarose gel electrophoresis. Tetra amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction was performed to genotype rs7041, rs4588, rs2060793, rs2282679, rs3847987, and rs7974353. Genotypic and allelic frequencies with relative risk was calculated. In Silico protein modelling, docking and analysis of rs7041 was done. Overall 77.5% subjects were found to be with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. There were 35% from newborn to 20 years age group, 88.8% from 21-40 years and 95.8% from to 41-60 years.Significant negative correlation was observed between vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels. rs 7041 belonging to GC genes showed T>G polymorphism. Major allele was T and minor allele was G. Minor allele “G” with genotype GG could be a risk allele contributing in vitamin D deficiency. rs7974353 belonging to VDR gene showed T>A polymorphism. Though “TT’ was in high frequency in VDD subjects compared to control yet insignificant association with VDD was noted. RR for both alleles and genotypes TA and AA was not significant with reference to homozygous wild type TT (0.6 for AT, 0.7 for AA). Results might had been xxi sigificant if thenumber of subjects were more. Rest of the four SNPs showed equal frequency in control and cases and hence showed no association with vitamin D deficiency. In silico model of SNP rs 7041 showed variation in the 3D structure of protein because of replacement of asparctic acid by glutamic acid. This can explain the cause of VDD / VDI due to poor docking of vitamin D with its binding protein. Conclusion is that rs7041 and possibly rs7974353 are contributing to VDD / VDI in studied group. Results are supported by In silico analysis of rs 7041.