بدھ مت کا تصور امن اور عصری صورت حال

The religion of Buddhism attributed to Siddhartha Gautama (563-482 B.C). Afterwards he came to be known by the name of "Buddha"(mean: awakened). The religion he founded stressed on universal compassion and monasticism. His concept of compassion flowing freely towards all creatures or all living being. That is why, Buddha has forbidden all kind of wars, battles and conflicts as they cause ferocity or bloodshed. When Emperor Asoka (273-233 B.C.) accepted Buddhism as a true believer, then he set up good examples of piety, sympathy and compassion. If we look all around the modern age of Buddhism, they put off the peace living teachings of Gautama. The obvious example of that conduct is oppressive attacks on Rohingya Muslims. Since the £2012, (when the conflicts started between the Rohingya Muslims and the extremist Buddhist) innumerable Muslims are killed, mosques, houses and villages are being set on fire and destroyed.

Risk Perception is a Mediator Between Cognitive Biases and Risky Investment Decision Empirical Evidence From Pakistan's Equity Markets

Investors play a vital role in stock exchange. Sometimes the decisions are based on rational behavior and sometimes these decisions consist of irrational behavior. Traditionally researchers argued that investors behave like a rational agent. This study explores the investor's cognitive biases and how these biases put affect on investor decision. At the same time due to globalization stock market situation is changed day by day even after few seconds. The research examined and explored the impact of cognitive biases on risky investment decision and foremost intention of this study to check the effect of cognitive biases on risky investment decision and more specifically the effect of mediating variable on risky investment decision. There are numerous biases which are putting affect on investor decisions but this study explores the combined effect of two biases i.e. heuristic and overconfidence on risk perception, which is mediating variable and also examined the effect of these cognitive biases on risky investment decision. This study is conducted at three stock exchanges; KSE, ISE and LSE. As this study belongs to the behavior of investor so it comprise of primary data. For this purpose adapted questionnaire is used. 450 questionnaires are distributes out of which 400 questionnaires are returned. The data is run on SPSS. To check the reliability of questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha is applied and the result of reliability is above than 0.7 which is considered to be fit tool for research. Descriptive statistics are used to check the frequency of each respondent towards their age, business tenure and respective stock exchange. The study finds a significant relationship between cognitive biases (heuristic and overconfidence) and risky investment decisions. There is partial mediation between overconfidence and risky investment decision and full mediation between heuristic and risky investment decision while risk perception is a mediating variable. Study also indicates that risk perception have also positive and significant relation with risky investment decisions.