طاہر نظامی
طاہر نظامی(۱۹۵۰ئ۔پ) طاہرؔ تخلص کرتے ہیں۔ آپ پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ معروف شاعر خدا بخش مضطرؔنظامی کے بیٹے ہیں۔۱۹۸۲ء میں رائٹرز فورم سیالکوٹ نے آپ کو بہترین شاعر قرار دیا۔ (۱۰۸۰) آپ کی پہلی غزل ماہنامہ ’’حرم‘‘ لاہور میں اور پہلی نظم ’’اردو زبان‘‘ سرگودھا میں شائع ہوئی۔ طاہر کا شعری کلام ’’فنون‘‘،’’اوراق‘‘،’’ادبی دنیا‘‘ ،’’ادبِ لطیف‘‘،’’نیرنگ خیال‘‘،’’نیا دور‘ ‘،’’الفاظ‘‘ ،’’نقش‘‘ اور تحریریں میں شائع ہو چکا ہے۔ ’’بلا جواز‘‘ طاہر کا ایک غیر مطبوعہ شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ زیر ترتیب نمونہ کلام ملاحظہ فرمائیے:
چلوں تو پیچھے سے جیسے کوئی بلائے مجھے
جو مڑ کے دیکھوں تو کچھ بھی نظر نہ آئے مجھے
میں دشمنوں سے بھی ملتا ہوں دوستوں کی طرح
جسے یقین نہیں آتا وہ آزمائے مجھے
تری طلب نے جدا کر دیا ہے خود سے مجھے
میں کیا ہوں، کون ہوں، اتنا کوئی بتائے مجھے(۱۰۸۱)
تتلیاں اڑ جائیں گی جب خوشبوئوں کے شہر کو
کانچ کا گلدان پھولوں سے سجتارہ جائے گا(۱۰۸۲)
محبت سے تہی دامن بشر اچھا نہیں لگتا
مجھے سوکھا ہوا کوئی شجر اچھا نہیں لگتا
مجھے پردیس میں یارِ وطن بے چین رکھتی ہے
مگر جب گھر پلٹتا ہوں تو گھر اچھا نہیں لگتا(۱۰۸۳)
Islam gives the idea of collective life and tries for human development. The basic idea of the teaching of Islam is that the individual must be true and active worker of society. He must have moral values and principles clearly. In addition, he tries constantly that a Muslim should perform saying of Allah and human rights properly. In this way, Islam tries to work on the behavior, morality, and habits of people and tries his best to properly enhance the different aspects of personality. For this, the life of Prophet Muhammad? Is a complete code of life. The good characteristics of Muslims are considered praiseworthy that are truth, brotherhood, justice, forgiveness, the oneness of Allah and keepings. In the same way, the things which are condemned by Islam are bride, misery, theft, backbiting, telling lies, blaming others, self-centeredness, close vision, dishonesty, garrulous, greediness, showiness manners, jealousy, un-obligation, clashes, hatred and etc. The philosophy of character building and personality development in Islam is the Muslims should avoid all bad works and develops good qualities in him as discussed before so that a Muslim should be a very useful and pious citizen of society. And we all know that education especially we can say that Islamic Education is a tool of change. So education is worthless if it does not create change in the minds of people and society. It is useless if it does not build the moral character regarding the personality development of the students. Islam tells us all about the values which are fruitful for humanity and are beneficial to human beings. For this purpose, it is necessary that we should give awareness of Islamic values to the people through Islamic education. It is only possible if the textbooks are designed according to the Islamic concept and values as well as teachers and parents play their effective role in the development of the personality of their children. Pakistan is a Muslim country and has its own religious, moral, political and social values and being a Muslim through an effective Islamic educational system, we can transfer these values to our new generation. Our curriculum is playing key role in the personality development and character building of the students or not is the main question so that this article is being written. In this article keeping in view the aims and objectives of the curriculum of Islamic Studies and following the Quranic verses and Hadith, we will try to analyze whether it is building the personality or character of students or not. After that, the conclusion and recommendations will be given keeping in view the analysis.
The present study deals with the determination of benzo(a)pyrene in biological samples and detection of genetic damage in the subjects working at petrol pumps. The multidisciplinary study involved questionnaire survey and analysis of biological samples. The questionnaire survey was carried out in 107 petrol pumps of Lahore and Gujrat districts for the assessment of health status of the workers (n=1000) and risk factors in their workplace settings. The biochemical tests included; detection of benzo(a)pyrene in blood and hair samples by HPLC (n=200). Buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt) was carried out for the identification of nuclear anomalies i.e. micronucleus (MN), binucleus (BN) for the evaluation of genotoxic parameters and cytotoxic damage by karyorrhexis (KR) and karyolysis (KL) cells. The DNA damage was further assessed by comet assay through total comet scoring (TCS). Genetic polymorphism was detected in associated genes in selected blood samples of the petrol pump workers through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data was analyzed through ANOVA, t-test (p<0.05) and Pearson correlation. Questionnaire survey revealed the study respondents had low socioeconomic and educational status, poor dietary habits, various health problems and specially no use of PPE during work. Analysis of samples showed significantly higher concentration of BaP in blood (µg/l) and hair (µg/g), frequencies of buccal cell anomalies and TCS in the petrol pump workers (exposed) as compared to non-exposed subjects. The PCR of the selected samples evidently revealed polymorphism in the associated genes (CYP1A1 and GSTM1) hence pointing towards the more probability of susceptibility to diseases related to lungs. The results were compared on the basis of age, job duration, smoking habits, working hours per day and job types. The subjects of higher ages, long job duration, smokers and longer working hours per day were found with significantly higher BaP concentration in blood and hair. Similarly the buccal cell anomalies and total comet scores was also significantly higher in these subjects. The BaP concentration in blood was strongly corelated to the MN frequencies in buccal cells and TCS in blood cells of the petrol pump workers. The results are depictive of the fact that low socioeconomic status, less education, lack of awareness, no use of PPE, personal hygiene and smoking habits appear to be the contributory factors. Results of BaP in blood and hair revealed that the petrol pump workers are likely to get occupational exposure to PAHs like BaP and other such substances in their workplace because of many reasons especially due to ignorance, nonuse of PPE, in effective regulations, monitoring as well as the faulty working practices. The results of the study are significant and provide enough evidence with reference to the health and safety issues at the petrol pumps in Pakistan. On the basis of the results; recommendations are drawn for the future work with reference to health risk assessment and management at work. It also advocates for the formulation of specific rules for petrol pump workers.