اسلامی ریاست کے خلاف سازشوں کے سدباب کے لئے راہنما اصول: مسجدِ ضرار کے انہدام کا فقہ السیرہ اور عصری قوانین کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The Guiding Principles of Preventing Conspiracies Against Islamic State: The Analytical Study of Demolishing of Masjid al-Dirār Now a day the conspiracy against the leading countries of the Islamic world has become a tragedy under a plan. The examples of Iraq, Lebia, Palestine, and Syria are before us and now these kinds of events are also made against Saudi Arab and Pakistan. So, the protection of every country and its state for preventing conspiracies against it in an effective and successful policy should be adopted, in this aspect there is a great deal of leading can be handed. In the field from the life of the Holy Prophet (saw), we can get an effective policy, to solve the important issues of the modern era about the protection of the state. Our Holy Prophet (saw) adopted the arrangements for the protection of Islamic State of Madinah. One such example is the demolishing of Masjid al-Dirār. Which was conspiracy against the Islamic State of Madinah and completion of hypocritic agenda. Many principles of fiqh-us sīrah are drawn from this incident about the state protection. In this article, we discuss the principles of the protection of Islamic State in the light of Masjid al-Dirār incident and Modern National and international laws.

Isolation and Structural Studies on the Bioactive Constituents of Bergenia Ciliata and Synthesis, Special Characterization and Antibacterial Study of a Schiff Base Metal Complexes

The indigenous plant Bergenia ciliata was investigated for bioactive constituents in this research. Five known bioactive compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of this plant. The isolated compounds were identified by melting point, UV, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR as Afzelechin (173), Asarone (174), Terpinen-4-ol (175), Parasorbic acid (176)and Damascenone (177). Antimicrobial activity of isolated compounds was studied. All the isolated constituents showed antimicrobial efficiency varyingly on the selected microbes that comprised of two Gram positive and four Gram negative bacterial strains, causes infections in human. Afzelechin (173) exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity compared to other compounds. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the constituents which were explored for the first time. Afzelechin (173) showed the highest antifungal activity while Damascenone (177) has moderate activity. The second part of the thesis is comprised of Synthesis of Schiff bases and their complexation with different metals like Cu (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II). Both the bases and their complexes were studied on the basis of their physical characterization like micro-analytical data, 1HNMR, FTIR and UV spectrum data. Schiff bases coordination with metal through nitrogen of imine and atom of oxygen was confirmed through spectrum data. Furthermore, the ligand and the metal complexes were screened against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria for their antibacterial activity. The results showed that these complexes possess enhanced biological activity as compared to ligand bases.