شوکازنوٹس کا طریقۂ کار: قرآنی احکامات کے تناظر میں جائزہ

Islam is a complete code of life. It is a legal system which fulfills the fundamental and natural rights of human beings. One of these rights is that no action will be taken against anybody if there is received any allegation against him until he is heard. The Islamic law provides the respondent a right to be informed through a show cause notice (SCN) for investigation of the situation whether the allegation against him is true or false. The contemporary laws also assert for security of human rights, but day to day happenings often put them to face many hurdles in its implementation in all such situations, which call further legislation and amendments. This article discusses the SCN procedure in Qur᾽anic perspective. The main purpose is to introduce the compliance and universality of the Islamic law and to make reader know that this law belief (in, on) human rights is to be enhanced for peace and prosperity of human society. There are a bundle of examples in Qur᾽an which clarifies the procedure of a SCN. We have taken just four stories amongst these verses. All of these stories have a complete SCN procedure; from beginning to the end. The procedure is dealt in a descriptive method, accompanied with the SCN procedure in contemporary law also. The conclusion is given at the end that the contemporary law in this aspect is according to the Qur᾽anic instructions.

Study of the Nuclear Transparency Effect at 4. 2 a Gev/C

Study of the Nuclear Transparency Effect at 4.2 A GeV/c The use of nuclear transparency effect of protons, p + - and p - - mesons in proton, and deuteron induced interactions with carbon at 4.2 A GeV/c, to get information about properties of nuclear matter is reported in this work. Half angle (θ 1/2 ) technique is used to extract the nuclear transparency effect. The θ 1/2 divides the multiplicity of charged particles produced in nucleon-nucleon collisions into two equal parts depending on their polar angle in the lab. frame. Particles with angle smaller than (incone particles) and greater than (outcone particles) θ 1/2 are considered separate. The average values of multiplicity, momentum and transverse momentum of the protons p + - and p - - mesons are analyzed as a function of a number of identified protons in an event. We observed evidences in the data which could be considered as transparency effect. For quantitative analysis, the results are compared with cascade model. The observed effects are categorized into leading effect transparency and medium effect transparency. Analysis of the results shows that the leading effect is the basis of the observed transparency in the former case. The transparency in the latter case could be the reason of collective interactions of grouped nucleons with the incident particles.