Understanding and Promotion of Civic Behavior Among Students in the Light of Sīrah

Civic behavior reflects the values related to individual’s attitude towards family, peer group, and neighborhood and includes the way one behaves in the society and community as a whole. The purpose of the present study is to describe what civic behavior is, its characteristics, its status in the Hadith, and the way forward for improvement of the civic behavior as guided by Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ). Study implies that truthfulness, mercifulness, polite talk, helping others, respect for others, caring and sharing and promise-keeping, loyalty, sympathy, honesty, kindness, brotherhood, cooperation, fairness and unity are the core qualities that make the individual a civilized and active citizen and our Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is the embodiment of all these virtues. Descriptive approach was followed to explain and analyze the concept. First the concept of civic behavior was interpreted, then its importance and characteristics were discussed. After that it was explored in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The findings highlight that the civic behavior in its best form was preached and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions. Each dimension was interpreted in the light of the Quran and the Sīrah. It was concluded that Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is an immaculate source of guidance and inspiration for not only Muslims but also for the whole mankind in acquiring the core values and abilities that determine the Civic behavior of an individual which ultimately results into a well-organized, peaceful and civilized society The study suggests that civic behavior of the citizens has significant impact on the formation and development of a peaceful society. It is recommended that civic behavior as reflected in the life of and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) should be promoted and practiced for achieving a civilized social setup.

Internal Marketing and Employees Innovative Work Behavior: the Mediating Role of Job Embeddedness

Despite a lot of research work on innovative work behavior, the research is not only inconclusive but still to develop a consensus on a single best antecedent of innovative work behavior. Innovative work behavior remains in the limelight of research due to its direct relationship with organizational innovation. Innovative work behavior is an employee''s behavior that demands to be investigated with em- ployee''s speci c antecedent. Internal marketing is an emerging concept of human resource management that is the only employee''s speci c antecedent to consider the employee as an internal customer and his/her job as a domestic product. Man- agement literature has yet not investigated internal marketing as an antecedent of innovative work behavior. While conducting any research, the target sector for research is of paramount im- portance. Public and private sectors di er in culture, organizational structure and an administrative point of view. The private sector contributes more than the pub- lic sector and speci cally the industrial sector. Industrial sector contributes 25% of the economy and in the industrial sector, engineering sector contributes 13.5% in the GDP. In Pakistan, the focus of the past research has been in the service sector and neglected the manufacturing sector which is a backbone of the country. Similarly, the past studies in the manufacturing sector focused the organizational speci c variables and overlooked internal marketing with innovative work behavior. This study is based on social exchange theory to develop an integrated model of in- novative work behavior which is mandatory for innovation in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. In the model, innovative work behavior is dependent vari- able with independent variable internal marketing and its dimensions like strategic rewards, internal communication, training and development, leadership and em- powerment. In the model, job embeddedness is a mediating variable, social capital and intrinsic motivations are the moderating variables. Data were collected from the sample of the manufacturing sector. There are more than 450 auto parts manufacturingrms in Pakistan located in di erent cities. The data for 1116 valid samples were collected through questionnaire from four cities only. Findings of the results are novel in Pakistani context as well as in the management literature. Internal marketing as a composite variable, internal communication, leadership, and empowerment have a positive impact on innovative work behav- ior. Internal marketing also has a positive impact on job embeddedness and job embeddedness has a positive impact on innovative work behavior. Job embedded- ness partially mediates the relationship between internal marketing and innovative work behavior. Intrinsic motivation positively moderates the relationship between internal marketing and job embeddedness but social capital does not moderate pos- itively between job embeddedness and innovative work behavior. Strategic rewards and training and development have no e ect on innovative work behavior. The relationship of variables in the model was supported theoretically and statistically in this study.