زندگی سے ہارا آدمی
میں نے طور پہ آدمی کو پکارا
تو ہانپتا ہوا بے بس چہرہ سامنے آ گیا
میں اس کا قصیدہ لکھوں
یا اس کی حالت زار کا مرثیہ بیان کروں
وہ آدمی جس کے حال پر،سوال پر، خیال پر
میں افسوس کے سوا کچھ نہیں کر سکتا
جس نے اپنے ظاہر کو روشن کرنے کے لیے باطن کو جلا دیا
زر بناتے ہوئے اصلِ زر کو بھول گیا
گھر کو ریستوران بنا لیا اور پائوں کو پہیے لگا لیے
گویا اپنے پائوں کاٹ لیے
اس تیز رفتاری میں اتنا آگے نکل آیا کہ تنہا رہ گیا
اپنے وجود سے بیزار
زندگی سے ہارا ہوا
دوست میسر نہیں، بس یادیں ہیں
تصویریں دستیاب ہیں مگر بولتی نہیں
بس اتنا سا جواب’’ وقت نہیں ملتا‘‘
’’بہت مصروفیت ہے آج کل‘‘
کاش وہ تصویریں بھی بولتی جو دل میں بسی ہیں
کبھی مسکراتی، کبھی رنجیدہ ہوتیں
اب تو انسان بھی تصویر دکھائی دیتا ہے
میں اس تنہائی کے مارے آدمی سے اکتا گیا ہوں
ان روشن راتوں اور ان سیاہ دنوں سے گِھن آنے لگی ہے
میرا دل تو اب مجھ سے وہی پرانا آدمی مانگتا ہے
محبت، پیار، خلوص اور ہمدردی سے بھرا،دانا آدمی
This study deals with a historical overview of the entry of Islam to the Indian subcontinent and the contribution of the companions, successor, and their followers in spreading the Prophetic Sunnah in it. Moreover, It contains a brief historical overview of the emergence of hadīth science، its weakness, renaissance, development, and flourishing, and a study of the attention of Muhaddithūn to the Sahih al-Bukhārī by writing its Shuruh, Taliqāt، Hawāshī, and Tarājim in the Indian subcontinent. It has been proven from the study of the history of hadīth science that after the entry of the Ghaznavids and the Ghurids to this region, the science of hadīth weakened due to the interest of the locals in rational sciences until Sultān Ala’ud-Dīn al-Khiljī (d. 716/1316) period. The scholars began to pay attention to the compilations of hadīth in general and Sahih al-Bukhārī in particular, and the first Sharh of Sahih al-Bukhārī appeared by Sheikh al-Hassan b. Muhammad al-Saghānī al-Lāhourī (d. 1252/650). It was revealed from a historical study of Sahih al-Bukhārī’s related studies in the Indian subcontinent that all were written in three stages. The first stage was the era of the renaissance of hadīth science and the emergence of Sahih al-Bukhari’s Shuruh and Hawāshī in the Arabic language. The second stage was the era of the development of hadīth sciences and the emergence of Sahih al-Bukhari’s Shuruh and Tarājim in the Arabic and Persian languages. Besides, the study proved that it was the era of translation and authorship in the Persian language, which was one of the most widespread languages، understanding, and delivered in the scientific community of the Indian subcontinent. As for the third stage, it is the flourishing of hadīth science and the emergence of a diversity of books about the Sahih al-Bukhārī in Arabic, Urdu, and Pashto. It was discovered from the study that the Urdu language took the place of Persian in the dissemination of legal sciences and the authorship of Sahih al-Bukhārī.
This thesis deals with the visualization of regular and irregular (scattered) data using spline curves and surfaces. For the spline curves, a 1 C rational cubic spline is proposed and developed with two free parameters together the error analysis discussed. The proposed rational spline is used to develop three new curve schemes to visualize the shaped data of the positive, monotone and convex data. Algorithms have been developed for the three shape preserving curves schemes. These curve schemes are practically demonstrated for various data in literature. For the visualization of regular grid data, the proposed curve interpolants are extended to their surface counter parts (rational bi-cubic functions) over the rectangular grid. Each boundary curve of the rectangular grid is constructed by the rational cubic functions having two free parameters in its description. This work has been further extended to device three new surface schemes for the visualization of shaped data by imposing data dependent constraints on free parameters; first scheme for the visualization of positive data, second for the visualization of monotone data and third for the visualization of convex data. The algorithms have been designed, for each of surface schemes, to efficiently compute the proposed shape preserving surfaces. The proposed surface schemes are practically demonstrated to shape preserving data. The degree of smoothness attained is 1,1 C . Lastly three schemes are introduced for the visualization of scattered data in the view of positive, monotone and convex surfaces. The given scattered data is triangulated over the domain and piecewise rational cubic function is used for the interpolation of boundary and the radial curves. The final visualized surface is the convex combination of boundary and the radial curves facilitating twelve parameters in each triangular patch. The data dependent constraints are derived on six of the free parameters for visualization of positive, monotone and convex shape of scattered data, while remaining six parameters are free for shape modification. These proposed schemes are local, computationally economical, do not constrain step length, and are equally applicable to data with derivatives and without derivatives.