پنڈت تربھون ناتھ زارؔزتشی
اُردو زبان کے علمی اورادبی حلقوں میں اس خبرکو بڑی حسرت اورافسوس کے ساتھ سناگیا کہ پچھلے دنوں پنڈت تربھون ناتھ زارؔ زتشی نے ۹۲ بر س کی عمرمیں دلّی میں انتقال کیا۔ پنڈت جی کشمیری پنڈت تھے،ان کا خاندان اورنگ زیب عالمگیر کے عہدِ حکومت میں دلّی میں منتقل ہوگیاتھا۔اس بناء پریہ خاندان کشمیر اور دلّی دونوں کی خاص تہذیب اور کلچر، شرافت،علمی وادبی ذوق، حسن وجمال اور وسعتِ مشرب ایسے اوصاف وخصوصیات کاحامل ہے، پنڈت جی ان خصوصیات کا ایک اعلیٰ نمونہ ہونے کے باعث ان سب میں ممتاز تھے۔ سنسکرت کے علاوہ فارسی اوراُردو کے بھی نامور فاضل اورمحقق تھے۔شعروشاعری میں مرزا داغؔ سے تلمذِ خصوصی رکھتے تھے۔بلکہ غالباً وہ استادکی آخری یادگار تھے،دلّی زبان اوراُس کی کہاوتوں اورمحاورات پرانہیں جوعبور تھااُس میں وہ اپنی مثال آپ تھے۔اس سلسلہ میں یہ واقعہ دل چسپی سے سنا جائے گا کہ ۱۹۳۹ء میں جب پہلے پہل میرا تقرر سینٹ اسٹیفنس کالج دلی میں بحیثیت استاد کے ہوا اوردوسری کلاسوں کے ساتھ بی۔اے (فائنل) کی اُردو کلاس بھی مجھے پڑھانے کے لیے دی گئی توایک دن مولوی نذیر احمدصاحب دہلوی کی مشہور کتاب ’توبۃ النصوح‘ کلاس میں پڑھا رہا تھا کہ اچانک ’’سفوپہ نادری چڑھی‘‘ کا فقرہ سامنے آگیا۔اورچوں کہ مجھے اس کامطلب معلوم نہیں تھا اس لیے میں نے کلاس ختم کردی اور میں سیدھا اپنے استاد شمس العلماء مولوی عبدالرحمن صاحب کے مکان پر پہنچا اور ان سے اس فقرہ کامطلب دریافت کیا۔مولوی صاحب نے بہت کوشش کی، دماغ پربہت زورڈالا مگر بات نہ بنی ۔اتنے میں مولوی صاحب کے جگری دوست خواجہ عبدالمجید دہلوی جو دلّی کی ٹکسالی زبان اورمحاورات کے بڑے اور مسلّم ماہرتھے ادھرآنکلے، مولوی صاحب نے ان سے پوچھا لیکن حافظہ اوردماغ پربہت کچھ زورڈالنے کے باوجود انہیں بھی کامیابی نہیں ہوئی۔ آخر خواجہ صاحب نے پنڈت...
Long COVID or post-COVID problems are long-term effects of COVID-19 infection that certain people who have contracted the virus can experience. This may result in having persistent symptoms for 3 months or more, such as those who had tiredness, malaise, changed smell and taste, dyspnea, and cognitive deficits three or more months after their initial COVID-19 diagnosis. However, some people may still have inferior work performance and a lower quality of life due to the long COVID episodes. From October 2021 to April 2022, cross-sectional research was conducted in Karachi, utilizing an electronic questionnaire to record sociodemographic data, current comorbidities, and previous episodes of acute COVID-19, post-COVID symptoms, and job performance among COVID survivors. The study's findings revealed that more than 35% of individuals surveyed claimed to have had COVID symptoms for six weeks or more, with approximately 20% to 30% of those reporting frequent coughing and appetite loss. Planning prevention, rehabilitation, and clinical treatment need an awareness of long-term COVID and its related components in order to maximize recovery and long-term COVID-19 outcomes. DOI: https: //doi. Org/10.59564/amrj/01.01/007
In the past few decades, some remarkable developments in the fields of information technology, transportation and communication have led to the development of closer contacts between people all around the world. As a result of these developments and increased global integration, the world has started experiencing the effects of globalization more intensely than ever. In Pakistan, the most prominent micro-level effects of globalization can be observed on culture and consumption patterns. The present study aims to establish a nexus among globalization, consumption patterns and cultural changes. In doing so, the study itself developed its three key constructs. Using a sample of 257 respondents for the pilot study, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed on each dimension of the three major variables. Once the EFA results confirmed that the constructs developed during EFA can be used for further analysis, a total of 1402 (only 1321 were considered valid) responses were collected for the final analysis using a disproportionate stratified convenience sampling technique with equal allocation. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was then used to check the measurement models and the results of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that globalization directly affects the culture of the society and brings cultural synchronization through media and technology.The results also showed that globalization directly affects consumption habits of the consumers which, in effect, induce pressure on the society of Pakistan to alter its traditional practices. In this sense, globalization was found to indirectly (through changes in consumption patterns) affect the culture of the society. Furthermore, this study also analyzes the role of the level of economic development in Pakistan that is directed towards intensifying the impact of globalization on the residents. It is found that the level of economic development is positively correlated with the intensity of this impact and the city Lahore (the most economically developed city among the three cities under consideration), followed by Rawalpindi and Multan, experiences the most intense effect of globalization on culture and consumptions of its residents. Apart from measuring the differential in the intensity of the impact of globalization on culture and consumption patterns on the consumers residing in different regions (with different level of development), the study also considers how, in response to globalization, respondents with different socio-demographic profiles experience a varying degree of changes in their overall life patterns. The results of the Binary Logistic Regression showed that individuals who are more educated and belong to the higher income group experience more prominent changes in their overall life patterns. The results of the study enable us to see how consumers in Pakistan are responding to globalization and its inevitable effects. Some recommendations to design public policy to benefit from this changing consumption patterns and culture are provided on the basis of the analysis, in order to optimize growth potential and maximize the benefits that Pakistan can achieve from globalization. The study concludes with some limitations and the guidelines for future research.