پروفیسر محمد عمرالدین
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں پروفیسر محمد عمر الدین کا ۶۲ برس کی عمر میں انتقال علی گڑھ میں ہوگیا،اوریہیں دفن ہوئے۔ مرحوم علی گڑھ یونیورسٹی میں ۲۴ء میں داخل ہوئے تھے، اُس وقت سے دمِ آخرتک اُن کا رشتہ اس درس گاہ سے منقطع نہیں ہوا۔ انھوں نے تعلیم یہیں مکمل کی، پھر یہیں لکچرر، ریڈر، پروفیسر اورصدر شعبۂ فلاسفی ونفسیات، وارڈن، اور پروووسٹ اورخداجانے کیاکیا ہوئے۔انھوں نے یونیورسٹی میں بڑے بڑے اتار چڑھاؤ اورانقلابات دیکھے تھے،اوراب آخر میں خود انقلاباتِ زمانہ کی عبرت انگیز تصویربن کررہ گئے تھے۔اسلامی فلسفہ اُن کا خاص مضمون تھا، امام غزالی ؒ کے فلسفۂ اخلاق پرانگریزی میں اُن کی ضخیم کتاب چند سال ہوئے یونیورسٹی کی طرف سے شائع ہوئی ہے۔بلاکے ذہین، بہترین منتظم،بے نفس وبے ریا، مجّسم خلوص، پیکرِ وضع داری، اور نہایت سادہ اوربے تکلّف! راقم الحروف سے دیرینہ اور بڑے مخلصانہ تعلقات تھے، یونیورسٹی سے ملازمت کے تعلق کے اعتبارسے مرحوم اس چمن کی پرانی بہار کی آخری نشانی تھے۔ ’’خدا بخشے بہت سی خوبیاں تھیں مرنے والے میں‘‘۔ [ستمبر ۱۹۶۴ء]
Changes in the world require a company to make innovations that are necessary in order to survive the onslaught of other companies' innovations, especially similar companies. A new economic concept that focuses on information and creativity that relies on creative ideas and knowledge from human resources for the main production factors. Creative economynowadays it is increasingly being carried out by the people, especially the younger generation in country because they feel this is a profession that is suitable to be done. Information technology is also needed in the distribution, promotion and sales transaction processes so that the process runs more effectively and efficiently. The potential for the development of this industry is due to several factors, namely the development of information technology as the main factor develops rapidly, access to information centers via the internet is much easier, the social innovation process runs smoothly, each region has a unique local cultural potential and the openness of society to modern culture, there are sources of knowledge such as many campuses that are a source of quality human resources, have high creativity and innovation.
In this research project thirty three new polyimides (PI-1 – PI-33) were synthesized from two series of diamines by polymerization with commercially available dianhydrides, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PD) and 3,3’,4,4’-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BD). Two series of diamines having azomethine (Series-I) and azomethine with ether linkage (Series-II) with aliphatic substituent’s like –CH3, -OH, -OCH3, -Cl were synthesized. The polyimides were synthesized by a conventional two steps method which involves the ring opening polyaddition at room temperature followed by the imidization either by thermal or chemical methods. All the synthesized diamines and polyimides were characterized by using different techniques like elemental analysis, TGA, FT-IR and 1H-NMR. All the spectral data were found in good agreement with the proposed structures of polyimides. These synthesized polyimides were also subjected for the study of organosolubility, inherent viscosity, molecular weight measurement, moisture absorption, thermal behaviour, crystallinity and thermodynamic parameters. The organosolubility of the synthesized polyimides were checked in different solvents qualitatively. The majority of the polyimides were found soluble in common polar aprotic solvents like m-cresol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), N,Ndimethylacetamide , tetrahydrofuran (THF) and sulphuric acid at room temperature as well as some of them were soluble on heating. The improvement in the oraganosolubility of the polyimides might be due to the presence of aliphatic substituents and ether linkages in the backbone of the polyimides which reduced the chain-chain interactions and hence enhance the chances of penetrating solvent molecules into polyimide chain. The inherent viscosities were found in the range of 0.59 – 0.85 dLg-1 indicating the moderate to higher molecular weight of polyimides. Weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyimides were found in the range of 59,000 – 86,000 gmol-1 and 36,000 - 53,000 gmol-1 respectively. Moisture absorption capacity of the polyimides was found in the range of 0.38 - 0.89%. The moisture absorption capacity of the polyimides is greatly influenced by the chemical structure of polyimides. The polyimides exhibited excellent thermal properties having glass transition temperature g in the range of 220 – 292°C and the 10% weight loss temperature were above 400°C without significant weight losses up to 360°C. The polyimides PI-23 – PI-33 having 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PD) showed better thermal stability due to the rigid structure of dianhydride. Most of the polyimides displayed amorphous pattern in X-ray diffraction analysis. The polyimides of 3,3’4,4’-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BD) and pyrromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) units with azomethine linkage having aliphatic moieties diamines displayed semi-crystalline pattern. The values of thermodynamic parameters , activation energy, enthalpy and entropy fall in the range of 31– 54 kJmol-1, 29 – 52 kJmol-1 and 0.15 to 0.26 kJmol-1K-1 respectively. Due to improved solubility and better thermal stability these polyimides could be applicable for high performance polymeric materials applications like high temperature application, as heat resistant polyimide materials, in the synthesis of plastic materials, in organic materials, in magnetic materials, etc.